Infective endocarditis (EI) is an extremely serious disease requiring prolonged hospitalisation, complex management by multidisciplinary teams and high healthcare costs. Anemia is also emerging as a virtually constant condition associated with endocarditis, as evidenced by its inclusion in the variables used to calculate risk scores.Anemia associated with infective endocarditis (EI) has a remarkably complex and multifactorial pathogenesis.It is essential to treat anaemia in patients with EI as an integral part of their overall therapy, in what is now called patient blood management. Blood transfusion is not the only approach available to treat this condition. It is essential to correct any deficiencies, whether iron or vitamins. In addition, some patients may benefit from the administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.

Inclusion Criteria: Patients with endocarditis who are candidates for elective surgery; Male and female patients aged > 18 years; Patients who have given written consent to participate in the study and to have their clinical data processed for the purposes of the study.

Exclusion Criteria: Age < 18 years; Patients with hypersensitivity (bronchial asthma, urticaria, allergic phenomena) to preparations of intravenous iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, erythropoietin; Patients who have not given written consent to participate in the study and who have specifically refused the use of their clinical data for the purposes of the study; Patients participating in other investigational trials; Any other clinical condition that in the opinion of the investigator would make the patient unsuitable for the study

All patients admitted to the Foundation for infective endocarditis with an indication for cardiac surgery presenting anaemia.