This research will compare the effectiveness of a remotely delivered personalized exercise coaching plus an evidence-based sleep improvement intervention to remotely delivered personalized exercise coaching alone for knee osteoarthritis pain.

The study team hypothesize that the combined intervention will result in greater improvements in patient-reported pain intensity, recorded with real-time data capture, than remotely delivered exercise coaching alone.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Self-reported physician diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis
• Persistent knee osteoarthritis-related pain of at least moderate intensity (as indicated in the protocol)
• Indication of persistent symptoms of insomnia, determined by scoring on the Sleep Condition Indicator questionnaire (as indicated in the protocol)
• If receiving medication for pain or sleep disturbances, having had no change in prescription in the previous three months and be willing to make no other changes to medications for pain or sleep during the active study period.
• Adequate literacy level to ensure web-based surveys can be completed independently, as assessed using a brief 3-item literacy level screener

Exclusion Criteria:

• Concurrent diagnosis of a systemic, inflammatory musculoskeletal disorder (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Active malignancy
• Neurological conditions (e.g., movement disorders)
• Any medical condition which would make graded increase of physical activity unsuitable (determined by a positive answer to the question: "Has a doctor or healthcare professional advised you to avoid physical activity for any reason?").
• Unable to understand English sufficiently to take part in the intervention.
• Unable to provide electronic informed consent.
• Evidence of significant cognitive impairment (i.e., ≥2 errors on a 6-item cognitive screener).
• Presence of severe psychiatric disorder.
• Currently participating in an interventional trial or a pain or sleep management program or having done so in the past six months.
• Visual or hearing impairment that would prevent use of the intervention.
• Serious physical health concerns necessitating surgery or with a prognosis <6 months
• Irregular sleep-wake schedule, e.g., shift work.
• Self-report of diagnosis of a specific sleep disorder other than insomnia that is not currently adequately treated, e.g., sleep apnea or narcolepsy.
• Currently meeting or exceeding physical activity guidance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (noted in protocol)

After the study is completed, the de-identified, archived data will be transmitted to and stored at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research data repository.

Final submission and release of the study data will occur approximately 8 and 12 months following the end of fieldwork, respectively, and within the award period. Study data deposited in the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research data repository will be available to the research community in perpetuity.

Public use and restricted access study data and associated documentation will be made available to the research community free of charge through the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research data repository.