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Down syndrome is a hereditary disorder resulting from the occurrence of an additional copy of chromosome 21, resulting in discernible variations in cognitive and physical characteristics. Finger gnosis pertains to the capacity to identify and discriminate among individual fingers. Tactile perception and body awareness are both encompassed by this particular component. Finger gnosis encompasses the sensory and cognitive mechanisms that enable an individual to recognize, label, and differentiate between their own fingers and those belonging to others. The therapeutic approach known as BIN Therapy is a non-invasive and pharmacologically unassisted intervention that use electrical stimulation as a means to enhance manual dexterity in individuals afflicted with neurological conditions
It will be a randomized controlled trial. 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be recruited by non-probability convenience sampling and then randomly divided in two groups using lottery method. Group A will receive will receive conventional physical therapy exercise program including core strengthening, balance and coordination exercise, fine motor skills activities with 2-3 times a week, with 20-50 minutes of each session with each set comprises of 10-12 repetitions of each exercise. And the group B will receive BIN therapy and finger gnosia. Sensory assessment will be assess by Revised Nottingham sensory assessment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| conventional physical therapy | Experimental | Control Group |
|
| bin therapy and finger gnosia | Experimental | Experimental Group |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bin therapy and finger gnosia | Other | Schedule bin therapy sessions 2-3 times per week at first, increasing the frequency as participants get used to it. Data will be collected twice i.e., at the start of the study and after completion of 6 weeks of treatment by using outcome measure tools |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Finger Gnosia Assessed by Vernier Caliper | Finger gnosia assessed by vernier caliper by two-point discrimination test. 2-5 mm average score, 6-10 mm mild impairment, 11-15 moderate impairment, 16 mm or above severe impairment | baseline and 8th week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nottingham sensory assessment | tactile sensation 42 max score, proprioception and Kinesthesia 24 max score, total score 66- 0-20 severe sensory impairment, 21-40 moderate sensory impairment, 41-54 mild sensory impairment, 55 - 66 normal sensory function | baseline and 8th weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hafsa Yasin, MS | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riphah International University | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35390583 | Background | Fischer U, Suggate SP, Stoeger H. Fine motor skills and finger gnosia contribute to preschool children's numerical competencies. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2022 Jun;226:103576. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103576. Epub 2022 Apr 4. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004314 | Down Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008607 | Intellectual Disability |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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it will be randomized control trial in which non probability convenient sampling will be used. Two groups of age 6-12 will be formed in which participants will be randomly divided. Group A will receive conventional physical therapy exercise program including core strengthening, balance and coordination exercise, fine motor activities and group b will receive BIN therapy and finger gnosia
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participants will get separate treatment protocols and possible efforts will be put to mask the the both group about treatment
|
| conventional therapy | Other | schedule conventional therapy with 20-50 minutes of each session with each set comprises of 10-12 repetitions of each exercise |
|
| D000015 | Abnormalities, Multiple |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D025063 | Chromosome Disorders |
| D030342 | Genetic Diseases, Inborn |