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Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often face unfavorable prognostic factors such as multiple comorbidities, adverse cytogenetic profiles, and pre-existing hematological disorders. The long-term survival rate remains very low, with a 5-year survival rate of only 5% to 10%. The introduction of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (Ven) has improved the induction remission rates in elderly patients. However, the question of whether to use chemotherapy maintenance or proceed with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for post-remission consolidation therapy remains unclear due to the lack of prospective controlled studies. Therefore, our center plans to conduct a prospective, open-label, two-arm, non-randomized, single-center study to further explore the optimal consolidation treatment strategy for elderly AML patients at intermediate and high risk following induction complete remission (CR).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAA group | Experimental |
| |
| HSCT group | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax | Drug | The consolidation therapy involves a regimen of intermediate-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) combined with Ven, specifically Ara-C at 1.0 g/m²/day for 3 days (days 1-3) and Ven at 400 mg/day for 10 to 14 days (days 1-10 to 14), with each cycle lasting 4 to 6 weeks, for a total of 3 consolidation cycles. This is followed by maintenance therapy with azacitidine (AZA) at 50 mg/m²/day for 5 days (days 1-5), with each cycle lasting 4 weeks, for a total of 6 maintenance cycles. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Relapse-free survival | Relapse-free survival (RFS) is measured from the date of achievement of first remission until the date of hematologic relapse or death from any cause. | Up to 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Relapsed Mortality | Non-relapsed mortality (NRM) is measured from the date of achievement of first remission until the date of death from any cause other than relapse. | Up to 2 years |
| Overall Survival |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Detected by Flow Cytometry | Research on MRD involves using flow cytometry to detect residual cancer cells, with statistical methods including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Fine-Gray analysis and Cox regression modeling to evaluate disease remission and predict relapse risk. | Up to 2 years |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yanmin Zhao, PhD | Contact | 15858199217 | yanminzhao@zju.edu.cn |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine | Recruiting | Hangzhou | Zhejiang | 310006 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32786187 | Result | DiNardo CD, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, Thirman MJ, Garcia JS, Wei AH, Konopleva M, Dohner H, Letai A, Fenaux P, Koller E, Havelange V, Leber B, Esteve J, Wang J, Pejsa V, Hajek R, Porkka K, Illes A, Lavie D, Lemoli RM, Yamamoto K, Yoon SS, Jang JH, Yeh SP, Turgut M, Hong WJ, Zhou Y, Potluri J, Pratz KW. Azacitidine and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 13;383(7):617-629. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2012971. | |
| 35704787 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015470 | Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007951 | Leukemia, Myeloid |
| D007938 | Leukemia |
| D009370 | Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C579720 | venetoclax |
| D014184 | Transplantation, Homologous |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014180 | Transplantation |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
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|
| Allogeneic transplant | Drug | The consolidation therapy involves allo-HSCT, with the choice of conditioning regimens typically using reduced-intensity conditioning such as the Fludarabine+Busulfan (FluBu) or Fludarabine+Melphalan (FluMel) regimens commonly used by centers, which can also include Ven. FluBu regimen: Flu 30 mg/m²/day from day -10 to day -5, Bu 3.2 mg/kg/day from day -6 to day -5 or day -7 to day -5, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (e.g., rabbit ATG at a total dose of 6-7.5 mg/kg, administered from day -4 to day -1), and Ven from day -10 to day -4. FluMel regimen: Flu 30 mg/m²/day from day -10 to day -5, Mel 50-70 mg/m²/day from day -4 to day -3, ATG and Ven from day -10 to day -4. 12 weeks (±4 weeks) post-HSCT maintenance begins with AZA at 32 mg/m²/day for 5 days (days 1-5), with each lasting 6 weeks, for a total of 6 cycles. Donor lymphocyte infusion is allowed in cases of minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity. |
|
OS is measured from the date of reaching CR1 to the date of death from any cause.
| Up to 2 years |
| 2-years Relapse Rate | Relapse rate is defined as relapse probability at a given time point | Up to 2 years |
| Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events (AEs) as Assessed by CTCAE v5.0 |
Research on AE uses descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, χ² or Fisher's exact tests to assess and compare AE incidence and survival outcomes. |
| Up to 2 years |
| Result |
| Kadia TM, Reville PK, Wang X, Rausch CR, Borthakur G, Pemmaraju N, Daver NG, DiNardo CD, Sasaki K, Issa GC, Ohanian M, Montalban-Bravo G, Short NJ, Jain N, Ferrajoli A, Bhalla KN, Jabbour E, Takahashi K, Malla R, Quagliato K, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Popat UR, Andreeff M, Garcia-Manero G, Konopleva MY, Ravandi F, Kantarjian HM. Phase II Study of Venetoclax Added to Cladribine Plus Low-Dose Cytarabine Alternating With 5-Azacitidine in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Nov 20;40(33):3848-3857. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02823. Epub 2022 Jun 15. |
| 32687450 | Result | Chua CC, Roberts AW, Reynolds J, Fong CY, Ting SB, Salmon JM, MacRaild S, Ivey A, Tiong IS, Fleming S, Brown FC, Loo S, Majewski IJ, Bohlander SK, Wei AH. Chemotherapy and Venetoclax in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Trial (CAVEAT): A Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Study of Venetoclax Combined With Modified Intensive Chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 20;38(30):3506-3517. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.00572. Epub 2020 Jul 20. |
| 36863709 | Result | Wang H, Yao Y, Mao L, Lou Y, Ren Y, Ye X, Yang M, Ma L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Wu J, Huang X, Wang Y, Xu H, Tong H, Zhu HH, Jin J. Venetoclax plus '2 + 5' modified intensive chemotherapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine in fit elderly patients with untreated de novo acute myeloid leukaemia: a single-centre retrospective analysis. Br J Haematol. 2023 May;201(3):568-572. doi: 10.1111/bjh.18709. Epub 2023 Mar 2. No abstract available. |
| 34614506 | Result | Garcia JS, Kim HT, Murdock HM, Cutler CS, Brock J, Gooptu M, Ho VT, Koreth J, Nikiforow S, Romee R, Shapiro R, Loschi F, Ryan J, Fell G, Karp HQ, Lucas F, Kim AS, Potter D, Mashaka T, Stone RM, DeAngelo DJ, Letai A, Lindsley RC, Soiffer RJ, Antin JH. Adding venetoclax to fludarabine/busulfan RIC transplant for high-risk MDS and AML is feasible, safe, and active. Blood Adv. 2021 Dec 28;5(24):5536-5545. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005566. |
| D006402 |
| Hematologic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |