Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl-Morphine Combination Versus Morphine Alone for Intraoperative Pain During Elective Cesarean Delivery

Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl-Morphine Combination Versus Morphine Alone for Intraoperative Pain During Elective Cesarean Delivery: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia are randomly assigned to two groups: 1) the Fentanyl-Morphine (FM) group, and 2) the Morphine (M) group. In addition to 11.5 mg of bupivacaine, the FM group receives 15 μg of fentanyl and 50 μg of morphine intrathecally, while the M group receives 50 μg of morphine intrathecally. The incidence of intraoperative pain with a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score of 4 or higher is compared between the two groups to evaluate the analgesic effects of combined intrathecal fentanyl-morphine therapy versus morphine alone.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Parturients of gestational age > 37 weeks, scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindication to spinal anesthesia
• Any sign of onset of labor
• Emergency cesarean section
• Body weight < 40 kg or > 120 kg
• Height < 140 cm or > 190 cm
• Severe underlying cardiovascular disease
• Known fetal anomaly
• Preeclampsia
• History of hypersensitivity to fentanyl or morphine
• Chronic opioid use