This study sought to investigate whether modulation of cortical excitability of the gluteal musculature, via tDCS paired with exercise, will reduce the amount the knee caves in during functional tasks in individuals with PFP. The objective is the explore if having tDCS target the area of the brain controlling hip muscles, when paired with exercise, will be more effective in reducing the amount the knee caves in for individuals with PFP versus those who receive exercise alone as their treatment. The aim is to contribute our findings to the growing knowledge in this area in order to help establish the possibility, and feasibility, of its use in clinical settings to strengthen traditional treatments for this patient population.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. are between 18 and 45 years old
2. have had patellofemoral pain (PFP; kneecap pain) on one side for at least 3 months, and 3) the knee does cave in when performing functional movements.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. do not have pain coming from the kneecap during screening;
2. have a history of knee injury or surgery,
3. have a history of seizures and/or taking anti-seizure medication,
4. have an implanted device that interacts with electric current,
5. have a history of balance disorder,
6. currently are pregnant or think they may be pregnant.