Assessment of the association between visceral obesity and the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder of diverse aetiology characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from abnormalities of insulin action, insulin production, or both, and the global population with diabetes mellitus is expected to be around 439 million by 2030 . Diabetic nephropathy is the most prevalent microvascular consequence of DM. It develops in around 40% of DM patients.

Obesity, which has now reached pandemic ratios, is frequently accompanied by diabetes mellitus type 2 because they share common pathophysiological pathways . Abdominal obesity is found to be a negligent form of obesity with dangerous consequences. It has been identified as potentially hazardous factor for diabetic complications. Several abdominal obesity measures have been developed including the visceral adiposity index (VAI) , lipid accumulation product (LAP) , neck circumference (NC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) Lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) are new, non-imaging indicators of visceral adiposity measured using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and serum lipid profile. It was predicted in some studies that LAP and VAI have a stronger association with poor renal outcomes than BMI and WC.

Inclusion Criteria:

- 1. Diabetic patients either type 1 or type 2 diabetes aged > 18 years whether known to have diabetic nephropathy or not.

2. BMI is ≥ 25 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Patients age < 18 years. 2. BMI < 25 kg/m2 3. Nondiabetic patients 4. Patients with non-diabetic kidney disease. 5. Patients with AKI 6. Patients with CKD stage 5 either on dialysis or not.

Diabetic patients either type 1 or type 2 diabetes aged > 18 years whether known to have diabetic nephropathy or not with BMI is ≥ 25 kg/m2