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The observational study aims to identify the relationship between maternal awareness about vitamin D for under-five-year-old children and their health status outcomes. The research Question is :
Is there a relationship between maternal awareness about vitamin D for under-five years children and their health status outcomes? Mothers of children under five will be interviewed about their knowledge and practices regarding vitamin D and their children's health status. Each child will be observed for the manifestation of vitamin D deficiency and to measure their weight and height.
The observational study aims to identify the relationship between maternal awareness about vitamin D for under-five-year-old children and their health status outcomes. The research Question is :
Is there a relationship between maternal awareness about vitamin D for under-five-year-old children and their health status outcomes? This study will be conducted in the Outpatient and Inpatient Departments of Smouha Children's University Hospital (SCUH) at Alexandria and Matrouh General Hospital and Specialized Children's Hospital at Matrouh City.
Mothers of children under five will be interviewed about their knowledge and practices regarding vitamin D and their children's health status. Each child will be observed for the manifestation of vitamin D deficiency and to measure their weight and height. Written informed consent for participation will be obtained from a under five years mothers after an explanation of the aim of the study, their voluntary participation, and the right to withdraw from the study at any time.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descriptive group on vitamin D awareness | Behavioral | 300 mothers of under-five children will be recruited in the descriptive study to assess their awareness about vitamin D and observe children for their health status outcome. Three tools will be used which are; sociodemographic characteristics of children and their mothers, Mothers' Awareness of Vitamin D Structured Interview Schedule, and Health Status Outcomes of Under- Five Years Children. Permission to conduct the study will be obtained from the administrative authorities of the settings after an explanation of the aim of the study. Each mother will be interviewed individually to obtain characteristics of mothers and their children, as well as knowledge and performance regarding Vitamin D. Each child will be observed for the manifestation of vitamin D deficiency and to measure their weight and height. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mothers' knowledge about Vitamin D Structured Interview Schedule to identify the mothers' knowledge regarding vitamin D supplementation. | It includes multiple questions about; the importance of vitamin D, different sources of vitamin D, the appropriate age for starting vitamin D supplementation, frequency of giving vitamin D, the proper dose of vitamin D, the method for exposing children to sun baths the food rich with vitamin D and the source of her knowledge about vitamin D. All items will be scored at one point for known, and zero for unknown or incorrect answers. Mothers' responses for all knowledge items will be summed up and converted into percentages. All items will be scored at one point for known, and zero for unknown or incorrect answers. Mothers' responses for all knowledge items will be summed up and converted into percentages. Mothers' awareness levels will be categorized as follows:
| through study completion, an average of 1 year. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mothers' Performance About Vitamin D Supplementation Structured Interview Schedule to identify the mothers' performance regarding vitamin D supplementation. | It includes multiple questions about mothers' practices for giving vitamin D supplementation, exposing the child to sun and giving the child food rich in vitamin D . Responses will be scored as one point for correctly done and zero for not done. A total score of mother's performance will be summed up and converted into percentages. Mothers' performance level will be categorized as following:
|
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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300 mothers and their under-five years children will attend the out-patient clinics.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eman Arafa Badr | Alexandria | 21533 | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34766920 | Background | Amaya-Montoya M, Duarte-Montero D, Nieves-Barreto LD, Montano-Rodriguez A, Betancourt-Villamizar EC, Salazar-Ocampo MP, Mendivil CO. 100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dietary intake and main food sources of vitamin D and calcium in Colombian urban adults. Endocr Connect. 2021 Dec 9;10(12):1584-1593. doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0341. | |
| 34200107 | Background |
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| through study completion, an average of 1 year. |
| Manifestations of vitamin D deficiency assessment record. Each item will be scored with presence or absence. | It includes delayed closure of fontanels, delayed sitting and walking, delayed teething, muscles cramping, bow leg, knock knee and bone fracture. | through study completion, an average of 1 year. |
| Child's physical growth assessment sheet. | It includes weight/kg., length/ height/cm. and Body mass index/kg/m2. | through study completion, an average of 1 year. |
| Previous medical and surgical history sheet. | It includes items as exposure to any disease (pneumonia,...), previous hospitalization, cause of hospitalization, duration and previous surgery. Each item will be scored with No and Yes. | through study completion, an average of 1 year. |
| Crincoli V, Cazzolla AP, Di Comite M, Lo Muzio L, Ciavarella D, Dioguardi M, Bizzoca ME, Palmieri G, Fontana A, Giustino A, Di Cosola M, Vincenzo B, Lovero R, Di Serio F. Evaluation of Vitamin D (25OHD), Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP), Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphorus, Ionized Calcium in Patients with Mandibular Third Molar Impaction. An Observational Study. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 4;13(6):1938. doi: 10.3390/nu13061938. |
| 31101452 | Background | Chang SW, Lee HC. Vitamin D and health - The missing vitamin in humans. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019 Jun;60(3):237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 Apr 17. |
| 25786473 | Background | Dinlen N, Zenciroglu A, Beken S, Dursun A, Dilli D, Okumus N. Association of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Mar;29(6):928-32. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1023710. Epub 2015 Mar 19. |
| 27915990 | Background | Luan Z, Ma Y, Xin Y, Qian J, Wang H. Possible Molecular Mechanisms by which Vitamin D Prevents Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer. Curr Med Chem. 2017;24(9):911-917. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666161202153028. |
| 31739173 | Background | Midtbo LK, Nygaard LB, Markhus MW, Kjellevold M, Lie O, Dahl L, Kvestad I, Froyland L, Graff IE, Oyen J. Vitamin D status in preschool children and its relations to vitamin D sources and body mass index-Fish Intervention Studies-KIDS (FINS-KIDS). Nutrition. 2020 Feb;70:110595. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110595. Epub 2019 Sep 19. |
| 33282119 | Background | Nimitphong H, Park E, Lee MJ. Vitamin D regulation of adipogenesis and adipose tissue functions. Nutr Res Pract. 2020 Dec;14(6):553-567. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.553. Epub 2020 Aug 5. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015362 | Child Nutrition Disorders |
| D014808 | Vitamin D Deficiency |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001361 | Avitaminosis |
| D003677 | Deficiency Diseases |
| D044342 | Malnutrition |
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