fMRI Accelerated TMS Depression

Tracking Brain Imaging Changes in Depression Over Clinical Accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Therapy at the Individual Level

This study aims to investigate whether phenotypic-related brain states revealed by a novel INSCAPE ("Individualized Network-based Single-frame Coactivation Pattern Estimation") neuroimaging method in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients can track brain recovery of MDD patients over an accelerated antidepressant transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment.

The aim of this study is to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to capture images of participants' brains and apply an image processing method called INSCAPE to assess brain states. This study will recruit participants who are scheduled to receive accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Participation in this study involves two visits, each including a 30-minute MRI scan. The interval between each visit is about one week. Depressed participants will also complete mood assessments at various intervals while they are receiving accelerated TMS for depression.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18-65
• Have the capacity and ability to provide one's own consent in English and sign the informed consent document.
• DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to speak English.
• Contraindicated for MRI.
• Any current or recent untreated medical, neurological, or psychiatric conditions
• Metal implant devices in the head, heart, or neck.
• History of brain surgery.
• History of cortisol medication use or electroconvulsive therapy.
• Comorbidity with other psychiatric/neurological illnesses or personality disorders
• History of myocardial infarction or arrhythmia, bradycardia.
• Personal history of head injury, concussion, or self-report of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.
• Individuals suffering from frequent/severe headaches.
• Moderate to severe alcohol or substance use disorder.
• Pregnancy