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Reduced hormone insulin-like 3, exclusively secreted by Leydig cells, has been identified as the recognized mechanism for cryptorchidism. Testicular macrophages residing in the testicular interstitium were thought to play a vital role in maintaining hormone secretion of Leydig cells. However, the contribution of macrophages to cryptorchidism remained poorly understood. Here, after 14 days of ketoconazole treatment, levels of both Trem2 and insulin-like 3 significantly decrease in human embryonic testes compared to the untreated control group. Conversely, 14 days of luteinizing hormone stimulation lead to elevated levels of Trem2 and insulin-like 3 in the testes compared to the untreated control group. Additionally, researchers find a positive correlation between Trem2 and insulin-like 3 expression in a human ex vivo tissue culture model. In summary, the study will propose Trem2 as a novel target for maintaining normal testicular descent by regulating the testicular immune microenvironment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intact aborted fetal testicular tissue treated with ketoconazole | Experimental | A fetal developmental stage is precisely determined. Then, fetal tissues are extracted for in vitro cultivation. Intact aborted fetal testicular tissues are cultured in a medium containing 10-6 mol/L ketoconazole, which is the injectable solution powder. Ketoconazole is administered starting on the first day and then every other day, for a total of 7 times over the 14-day in vitro culture period. |
|
| Intact aborted fetal testicular tissue treated with luteinizing hormone | Experimental | A fetal developmental stage is precisely determined. Then, fetal tissues are extracted for in vitro cultivation. Intact aborted fetal testicular tissues are cultured in a medium containing 1 IU/mL luteinizing hormone, which is the injectable solution powder. Luteinizing hormone is administered starting on the first day and then every other day, for a total of 7 times over the 14-day in vitro culture period. |
|
| Intact aborted fetal testicular tissue treated with none | No Intervention | A fetal developmental stage is precisely determined. Then, fetal tissues are extracted for in vitro cultivation. Intact aborted fetal testicular tissues are cultured in a medium. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketoconazole | Drug | A fetal developmental stage is precisely determined. Then, fetal tissues are extracted for in vitro cultivation. Intact aborted fetal testicular tissues are cultured in a medium containing 10-6 mol/L ketoconazole, which is the injectable solution powder. Ketoconazole is administered starting on the first day and then every other day, for a total of 7 times over the 14-day in vitro culture period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Relative expression of Trem2 and insulin-like 3 protein | Ketoconazole promotes a decrease in Trem2 and a decrease in insulin-like 3, and they are strongly correlated. | The date of 14 days cultured |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wenliang Ge | Contact | 13962854122 | gewl@ntu.edu.cn |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Wenliang Ge | Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affiliated hospital of nantong university | Recruiting | Nantong | Jiangsu | 226001 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003456 | Cryptorchidism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013733 | Testicular Diseases |
| D005832 | Genital Diseases, Male |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007654 | Ketoconazole |
| D007986 | Luteinizing Hormone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010879 | Piperazines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006065 | Gonadotropins, Pituitary |
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|
| Luteinizing Hormone | Drug | A fetal developmental stage is precisely determined. Then, fetal tissues are extracted for in vitro cultivation. Intact aborted fetal testicular tissues are cultured in a medium containing 1 IU/mL luteinizing hormone, which is the injectable solution powder. Luteinizing hormone is administered starting on the first day and then every other day, for a total of 7 times over the 14-day in vitro culture period. |
|
| D052801 |
| Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D014564 | Urogenital Abnormalities |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D006058 | Gonadal Disorders |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D006062 | Gonadotropins |
| D036361 | Peptide Hormones |
| D006728 | Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
| D010908 | Pituitary Hormones, Anterior |
| D010907 | Pituitary Hormones |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |