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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Lahore | OTHER |
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Postnatal depression (PND) and anxiety are significant public health concerns affecting a substantial proportion of new mothers worldwide. These conditions can have profound consequences for both maternal and infant well-being, including increased risk of
Despite the prevalence and impact of PND and anxiety, access to timely and effective mental health care for postpartum women remains limited, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
Limited Research: There has been a historical underinvestment in mental health research in Pakistan, especially in maternal mental health.
Cultural Stigma: Mental health issues, particularly postpartum depression, are often stigmatized, leading to underreporting.
Data Infrastructure: Robust data collection and analysis systems for mental health are still developing in Pakistan The rationale for this study is grounded in the significant public health burden imposed by postnatal depression (PND) and anxiety, coupled with the limitations of traditional care models. Despite advancements in maternal and child health, postpartum mental health remains a neglected area in many countries, including Pakistan.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | A virtual and in-person, personal and group-based intervention will be delivered-educational information on infant behavior and changes in interpersonal dynamics associated with parenting. Modules aimed at understanding and managing infant behavior include information on infant temperament. Personal support will be provided by face-to-face education and WhatsApp messages and videos. Group support will be provided by mothers and their partners or a support person group discussion. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | No intervention will be provided except usual care |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digital Infant- parents support | Behavioral | A virtual and in-person, personal and group-based intervention will be delivered-educational information on infant behavior and changes in interpersonal dynamics associated with parenting. Modules aimed at understanding and managing infant behavior include information on infant temperament. Personal support will be provided by face-to-face education and WhatsApp messages and videos. Group support will be provided by mothers and their partners or a support person group discussion. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Post natal depression | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): A standardized self-report questionnaire to assess symptoms of postnatal depression. Scores are between 0 and 30, with scores 13 and above indicating depressive illness, or a high risk of developing a depressive disorder. Scores of 13 indicate an 80% chance that the mother has depression. | Post natal Depression measured at baseline and 12 months |
| Post natal anxiety | Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7): A self-report measure to assess symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. The GAD-7 scores were also represented with clinical categorizations of anxiety levels as follows: GAD-7 score of 0-4 (none), 5-9 (mild), 10-14 (moderate), and 15-21 (severe). | Post natal Anxiety measured at baseline and 12 months |
| Intervention usage | Intervention usage will be assessed by tracking participants' engagement with the online platform, including login frequency, module completion, and time spent on the platform. | Intervention usage measured at 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raashed Muhammad, Master | Contact | 03249479263 | stunning003@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmad Hospital | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54590 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28531848 | Background | Woody CA, Ferrari AJ, Siskind DJ, Whiteford HA, Harris MG. A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression. J Affect Disord. 2017 Sep;219:86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 May 8. | |
| 29449816 | Background | Hahn-Holbrook J, Cornwell-Hinrichs T, Anaya I. Economic and Health Predictors of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of 291 Studies from 56 Countries. Front Psychiatry. 2018 Feb 1;8:248. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00248. eCollection 2017. |
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Study protocol, Statistical plan, Results will be desseminated through publications
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019052 | Depression, Postpartum |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011644 | Puerperal Disorders |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
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A virtual and in-person, personal and group-based intervention will be delivered-educational information on infant behavior and changes in interpersonal dynamics associated with parenting. Modules aimed at understanding and managing infant behavior include information on infant temperament. Personal support will be provided by face-to-face education and WhatsApp messages and videos. Group support will be provided by mothers and their partners or a support person group discussion.
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Participants, Care providers, and outcome assessors will be blinded
|
| 32522015 | Background | Coo S, Garcia MI, Mira A, Valdes V. The Role of Perinatal Anxiety and Depression in Breastfeeding Practices. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Aug;15(8):495-500. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0091. Epub 2020 Jun 9. |
| Background | Rojas G. Análisis de La Situación de Uso de Servicios y Acceso a Tratamiento de La Depresión Posparto En Centros APS de La Región Metropolitana. Santiago, Chile: Universidad de Chile, http://www.crececontigo.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/5-Informe-Final-Analisis-de-lasituacion-de-uso-de-servicio-y-acceso-a-tratamiento-de-la-depresion-posparto.pdf (2013, accessed 15 January 2022). |
| 29484656 | Background | Priel A, Djalovski A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan;60(1):30-42. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12880. Epub 2018 Feb 27. |
| D003866 | Depressive Disorder |
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |