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The goal of this observational study is to determine the prevalence of thyroid disease in adults with oral lichen planus (OLP) treated at the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona (HOUB), and to evaluate the association between OLP and thyroid disease. Secondly, to assess the association between OLP and other comorbidities, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, anxiety, and depression.
The main question it aims to answer is: Do people with OLP have a significant risk of developing thyroid disorders compared to people without OLP?
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate a total of 120 participants, 60 patients with oral lichen planus and 60 patients without the history of OLP as a control group, attending at the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona (HOUB). The personal medical history of thyroid disease, demographic information (age and gender) and other comorbidities history information, were collected in both groups, and obtained through the GESDEN® healthcare software (Gesden G5, Infomed - Henry Schein®, New York, United States), in addition to the paper medical records (biopsy report). Data were analyzed using χ² test and simple binary logistic regression models with the SPSS® statistical software, version 29.0.2.0 for Windows (SPSS, Illinois, United States).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| OLP patients | 60 subjects with oral lichen planus |
| |
| Control group | 60 subjects without oral lichen planus. Each control subject was matched by age and sex to its corresponding paired OLP subject |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data collection | Other | Participants were identified by reviewing electronic medical records. Medical history information of thyroid disease and associated medication were collected in both groups, as well as a history of other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus type 2, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, anxiety, and depression. Cases and controls were matched by age and sex. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with OLP | Percentage of patients with OLP who have thyroid disease, determined through the review of medical records. Prevalence refers to the number of existing cases at the time of the study, reflecting the proportion of individuals with thyroid disease among the patients evaluated. Outcomes are presented in frequencies and percentages. The χ² test was used to compare the categorical variables. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS. | 1 day |
| Prevalence of the most common thyroid disorders | Determine which thyroid disorder is most common in the study population. Outcomes are presented in frequencies and percentages. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS. | 1 day |
| Association between OLP and thyroid disease | It is determined by comparing the frequency of thyroid disease in patients with OLP versus controls, using statistical analysis (binary logistic regression) to assess the strength and significance of such association. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS. | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Distribution of OLP according age and gender | Frequency and percentage of OLP in different age ranges and both sexes to identify potential prevalence patterns associated with these demographic factors. Outcomes are presented in frequencies, percentages and mean ± standard deviation. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS. | 1 day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of patients who attended the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona (HOUB).
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stephanie RodrÃguez-Fernández | University of Barcelona | Principal Investigator |
| Sonia Egido-Moreno | University of Barcelona | Principal Investigator |
| José López López | University of Barcelona | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campus Bellvitge, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | Barcelona | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37082069 | Background | Maddheshiya N, Shivakumar GC, Misra N, Rastogi V, Kumar S. Prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients with hypothyroidism versus non-hypothyroidism - A case control study of 1000 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Oct-Dec;26(4):509-517. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_517_20. Epub 2022 Dec 22. | |
| 36052085 | Background |
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all IPD that underlie results in a publication
Immediately following publication. No end date.
Anyone who wishes to access the data. Data are available indefinitely. Proposals should be directed to stephroferd@gmail.com
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017676 | Lichen Planus, Oral |
| D013959 | Thyroid Diseases |
| D007037 | Hypothyroidism |
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D008010 | Lichen Planus |
| D017512 | Lichenoid Eruptions |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003625 | Data Collection |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D017531 | Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
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|
| Prevalence of other comorbidities analyzed (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, anxiety, and depression) |
Prevalence reflects the proportion of individuals affected by each pathology at the time of evaluation. Outcomes are presented in frequencies and percentages. The χ² test was used to compare the categorical variables. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS. |
| 1 day |
| Association between OLP and other comorbidities analyzed (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, anxiety, and depression) | This involves determining whether there is a significant association between OLP and these comorbidities in the study population. Statistical analysis (binary logistic regression) evaluates the strength and significance of such associations to identify potential risk factors related to OLP. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS. | 1 day |
| Zhang T, Hou F, Liu D, Zhou H, Sun Y, Deng X, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wu C, Meng Y, Yuan P, Qiu X, Ye L, Liang Y, Wei W, Jiang L. Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and anti-thyroid antibodies with oral lichen planus: A cross-sectional study. Front Immunol. 2022 Aug 16;13:967988. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967988. eCollection 2022. |
| 34137220 | Background | Wang Y, Hao Y, Tang F, Chen Q. Immune mechanisms involved in the coexistence of oral lichen planus and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2021 Apr 25;50(2):222-228. doi: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0124. |
| 29763182 | Background | Shahid MA, Ashraf MA, Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. 2023 Jun 5. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500006/ |
| 20656530 | Background | Siponen M, Huuskonen L, Laara E, Salo T. Association of oral lichen planus with thyroid disease in a Finnish population: a retrospective case-control study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Sep;110(3):319-24. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.04.001. Epub 2010 Jul 24. |
| 28076499 | Background | Alikhani M, Ghalaiani P, Askariyan E, Khunsaraki ZA, Tavangar A, Naderi A. Association between the clinical severity of oral lichen planus and anti-TPO level in thyroid patients. Braz Oral Res. 2017 Jan 5;31:e10. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0010. |
| 29170653 | Background | Li D, Li J, Li C, Chen Q, Hua H. The Association of Thyroid Disease and Oral Lichen Planus: A Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Nov 9;8:310. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00310. eCollection 2017. |
| 35000260 | Background | De Porras-Carrique T, Ramos-Garcia P, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Warnakulasuriya S, Gonzalez-Moles MA. Autoimmune disorders in oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2023 May;29(4):1382-1394. doi: 10.1111/odi.14127. Epub 2022 Feb 1. |
| 26784745 | Background | Garcia-Pola MJ, Llorente-Pendas S, Seoane-Romero JM, Berasaluce MJ, Garcia-Martin JM. Thyroid Disease and Oral Lichen Planus as Comorbidity: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Dermatology. 2016;232(2):214-9. doi: 10.1159/000442438. Epub 2016 Jan 20. |
| 29500871 | Background | Robledo-Sierra J, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Filipsson Nystrom H, Eggertsen R, Larsson L, Dafar A, Warfvinge G, Mattsson U, Jontell M. A mechanistic linkage between oral lichen planus and autoimmune thyroid disease. Oral Dis. 2018 Sep;24(6):1001-1011. doi: 10.1111/odi.12850. Epub 2018 May 29. |
| 29101247 | Background | Arduino PG, Karimi D, Tirone F, Sciannameo V, Ricceri F, Cabras M, Gambino A, Conrotto D, Salzano S, Carbone M, Broccoletti R. Evidence of earlier thyroid dysfunction in newly diagnosed oral lichen planus patients: a hint for endocrinologists. Endocr Connect. 2017 Nov;6(8):726-730. doi: 10.1530/EC-17-0262. |
| 32089646 | Background | Wu P, Luo S, Zhou T, Wang R, Qiu X, Yuan P, Yang Y, Han Q, Jiang L. Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Cooccurrence of Oral Lichen Planus and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Feb 4;2020:6309238. doi: 10.1155/2020/6309238. eCollection 2020. |
| 37729935 | Background | Piloni S, Ferragina F, Barca I, Kallaverja E, Cristofaro MG. The Correlation between Oral Lichen Planus and Thyroid Pathologies: A Retrospective Study in a Sample of Italian Population. Eur J Dent. 2024 May;18(2):510-516. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1772247. Epub 2023 Sep 20. |
| 27401683 | Background | Cheng YS, Gould A, Kurago Z, Fantasia J, Muller S. Diagnosis of oral lichen planus: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Sep;122(3):332-54. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.05.004. Epub 2016 Jul 9. |
| 29967591 | Background | Zhou T, Li D, Chen Q, Hua H, Li C. Correlation Between Oral Lichen Planus and Thyroid Disease in China: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jun 18;9:330. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00330. eCollection 2018. |
| 31366342 | Background | Kats L, Goldman Y, Kahn A, Goldman V, Gorsky M. Oral lichen planus and thyroid gland diseases: possible associations. BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jul 31;19(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0859-5. |
| 31803644 | Background | Hasan S, Ahmed S, Kiran R, Panigrahi R, Thachil JM, Saeed S. Oral lichen planus and associated comorbidities: An approach to holistic health. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Nov 15;8(11):3504-3517. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_749_19. eCollection 2019 Nov. |
| 37725328 | Background | De Porras-Carrique T, Ramos-Garcia P, Gonzalez-Moles MA. Hypertension in oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2024 May;30(4):1793-1805. doi: 10.1111/odi.14727. Epub 2023 Sep 19. |
| 32750751 | Background | Dave A, Shariff J, Philipone E. Association between oral lichen planus and systemic conditions and medications: Case-control study. Oral Dis. 2021 Apr;27(3):515-524. doi: 10.1111/odi.13572. Epub 2020 Aug 20. |
| 37799923 | Background | Li KY, Li CL, Hua H, Song ZF. Potential relationship of dyslipidemia with dietary patterns in oral lichen planus patients-A case-control study. J Dent Sci. 2023 Oct;18(4):1638-1644. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.01.006. Epub 2023 Feb 11. |
| 11752817 | Background | Vallejo MJ, Huerta G, Cerero R, Seoane JM. Anxiety and depression as risk factors for oral lichen planus. Dermatology. 2001;203(4):303-7. doi: 10.1159/000051777. |
| D017444 |
| Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |