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The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study is to investigate the additional benefits of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) over conventional physiotherapy, related to pain and function, in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
The study was performed in Baskent University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit. 43 patients of both sexes, who were diagnosed clinical and radiographic knee osteoarthritis, with Kellgren Lawrence Grade 2 and 3, were randomly assigned in two groups. Group 1 (n = 21) received TENS, HP, exercises (EX), and High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT; Nd:yag laser, 10W). Group 2 (n = 22) received the same interventions but placebo HILT. All interventions were applied for 10 sessions. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (WOMAC), and Lequesne Algofunctional Index (LAI) were performed before, after, and at 12-week follow-up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Laser Therapy | Experimental | This group (n = 21) received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), hotpack (HP), exercises, and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) for 10 consecutive sessions. |
|
| Control | Sham Comparator | This group (n = 22) received TENS, HP, exercises, and placebo HILT for 10 consecutive sessions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Laser Therapy | Other | HILT is applied per session, with a maximum of 10.0 W, a mean of 5.7 W, a dose of 99 J/cm², and a total energy flux of 2079 J were applied over 6 minutes and 5 seconds on a 21 cm² field on the medial aspect of the knee joint. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | The VAS was assessed before treatment, at the end of 10 sessions, and at the 12 week follow-up. Min score was 0 and max score was 100. Higher scores on the VAS indicate greater pain. | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (WOMAC) | The WOMAC was assessed before treatment, at the end of 10 sessions, and at the 12 week follow-up. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate poorer functional capacity and greater pain and stiffness. | 12 weeks |
| Lequesne Algofunctional Index (LAI) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Başkent University Faculty of Medicine | Yüreğir | Adana | 01060 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33074393 | Background | Akaltun MS, Altindag O, Turan N, Gursoy S, Gur A. Efficacy of high intensity laser therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind controlled randomized study. Clin Rheumatol. 2021 May;40(5):1989-1995. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05469-7. Epub 2020 Oct 19. | |
| 37743421 | Background | Ekici B, Ordahan B. Evaluation of the effect of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on function, muscle strength, range of motion, pain level, and femoral cartilage thickness in knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled study. Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Sep 25;38(1):218. doi: 10.1007/s10103-023-03887-y. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020370 | Osteoarthritis, Knee |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004561 | Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004599 | Electric Stimulation Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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patients were assigned into two groups. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy and exercise therapy. Group 1 was the experimental group, and group 2 was the control group.
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Both the participants, investigators and outcomes assessors were blinded throughout the study.
| Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation | Other | TENS is an analgesic modality of physical therapy |
|
| Hotpacks | Other | Hotpacks is a thermoanalgesia modality of physical therapy |
|
| SHAM - High Intensity Laser Therapy | Other | for control group, sham HILT was applied, with lights on but no laser beam |
|
The LAI was assessed before treatment, at the end of 10 sessions, and at the 12 week follow-up. Higher scores on the LAI indicate poorer functional capacity and greater pain and stiffness. |
| 12 weeks |
| 2601554 | Background | Hardie EM, Carlson CS, Richardson DC. Effect of Nd:YAG laser energy on articular cartilage healing in the dog. Lasers Surg Med. 1989;9(6):595-601. doi: 10.1002/lsm.1900090610. |
| 34654554 | Background | Ahmad MA, A Hamid MS, Yusof A. Effects of low-level and high-intensity laser therapy as adjunctive to rehabilitation exercise on pain, stiffness and function in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy. 2022 Mar;114:85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.03.011. Epub 2021 Mar 26. |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000698 |
| Analgesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |