Participants were not enrolled in organized exercise programs during the study (12 weeks).

Participants enrolled in a traditional organized exercise program (group sessions) based on two weekly sessions of 45 to 60 minutes each for 12 weeks. These sessions are supervised by sports and exercise professionals, targeting physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, balance, agility, and flexibility) and cognitive function (reaction time and decision-making).

Participants enrolled in an organized exercise program based on two weekly sessions of 45 to 60 minutes each for 12 weeks: one traditional session (group session) and one augmented reality (AR) session (individual session), both supervised by sports and exercise professionals. The AR session was designed to provide a full exercise session targeting physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, balance, agility, and flexibility) and cognitive function (reaction time, decision-making, and memory).

Participants enrolled in an organized exercise program based on two weekly sessions of 45 to 60 minutes each for 12 weeks: one traditional session (group session) and one augmented reality (AR) session (individual session), both supervised by sports and exercise professionals. The AR session was designed to provide an entire exercise session targeting physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, balance, agility, and flexibility) and cognitive function (reaction time, decision-making, and memory).

Physical fitness will be assessed using the fitness test battery proposed by Rikli & Jones (1999), including: 30-s chair stand test to assess lower-body strength, arm curl test to evaluate upper-body strength, back scratch test to examine upper-body flexibility, chair seat and reach test to assess lower-body flexibility, 8-foot up-and-go test to assess agility and dynamic balance, and the 6-min walk test to evaluate aerobic endurance.

Physical activity levels will be measured using accelerometry during each exercise session.

Body composition will be evaluated using the InBody 770, which allows a hand-to-foot biolectrical analysis. Bodyweight, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass will be used for analysis.

Participants' cognitive function will be examined through the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument and the Mini Mental State Examination.

The SF-36 questionnaire is used to assess the participant's health status of participants. It consists of 36 items that assess physical functioning, physical performance, physical pain, emotional functioning, vitality, mental health, social functioning, and general health. The higher the score, the better the participant's health.