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Under normal circumstances the upper airway and respiratory tract play a crucial role in humidifying and warming inhaled air, a process known as inspired gas conditioning. This process is essential for effective gas conditioning and mitigating the potential risk of damaging the structure and function of the respiratory epithelium. Airway instrumentation, such as the use of an orotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula, interferes with the physiological conditioning of inspired gas. Furthermore, the administration of cold, dry medical gases, together with the high flows experienced by patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM) or non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), exacerbate this unfavorable condition. Therefore, the incorporation of an external device to condition the delivered gas becomes imperative, even in short-term interventions.
There are different devices to condition the inhaled gas, basically passive humidification systems (HMEF) and active (or heated) systems. Considering the humidification capacity and advantages and disadvantages, both passive and active systems are suitable for conditioning the inhaled gas.
The hyphotesis of this study is that health teams in Latin America have limited knowledge regarding humidification systems, both from the technical aspects of implementation and from the clinic.
OBJECTIVES
Primary aim:
Develop an instrument to evaluate knowledge about humidification systems among different health professionals in intensive care units (ICU).
Describe the knowledge about humidification systems among different health professionals in intensive care units (ICU).
Secondary aim:
Compare knowledge about humidification systems between different countries. Compare knowledge about humidification systems between different specialties. Compare knowledge about humidification systems in different age groups.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| knowledge | Other | Develop an instrument to evaluate knowledge about humidification systems among different health professionals in intensive care units (ICU). Describe the knowledge about humidification systems among different health professionals in intensive care units (ICU). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Develop questionnaire named "Double-Focus Survey with Emphasis on Active Heated Humidification Systems" | Develop an questionnaire to evaluate knowledge about humidification systems among different health professionals in intensive care units (ICU). | From April 1 to April 30 |
| Describe the knowledge using the questionnaire previously developed | Measure the level of knowledge among different health professionals in ICU settings using the developed questionnaire named "Double-Focus Survey with Emphasis on Active Heated Humidification Systems". This assessment will include evaluating the understanding of the principles, usage, and maintenance of humidification systems. | From June 1 to August 30 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Compare knowledge about humidification systems between different countries using the questionnaire "Double-Focus Survey with Emphasis on Active Heated Humidification Systems" | From June 1 to August 30 | |
| Describe and compare the knowledge about humidification systems between different specialties using the questionnaire "Double-Focus Survey with Emphasis on Active Heated Humidification Systems" |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population is health professionals who work in Intensive Care Units in Latin America
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires | Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires | 1280AED | Argentina |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10764013 | Background | Keck T, Leiacker R, Riechelmann H, Rettinger G. Temperature profile in the nasal cavity. Laryngoscope. 2000 Apr;110(4):651-4. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200004000-00021. | |
| 12071984 | Background | Lindemann J, Leiacker R, Rettinger G, Keck T. Nasal mucosal temperature during respiration. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2002 Jun;27(3):135-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2002.00544.x. |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Feb 11, 2025 | |
| Reset | Mar 5, 2025 | |
| Release | Dec 5, 2025 | |
| Reset | Dec 23, 2025 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 11, 2025 | Mar 5, 2025 | |||
| Dec 5, 2025 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Stratification by specialities for describe and compare the knowledge about humidification systems. |
| From June 1 to August 30 |
| Describe and compare knowledge about humidification systems in different age groups using the queationnaire "Double-Focus Survey with Emphasis on Active Heated Humidification Systems" | Stratification by age for describe and compare the knowledge about humidification systems. | From June 1 to August 30 |
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| 1068640 | Background | Walker AK, Bethune DW. A comparative study of condenser humidifiers. Anaesthesia. 1976 Oct;31(8):1086-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11950.x. |
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| Background | Branson R, Davis K Jr. Evaluation of 21 passive humidifiers according to the ISO 9360 standard: moisture output, dead space, and flow resistance. Respir Care. 1996;41:736-43 |
| 9539071 | Background | Unal N, Kanhai JK, Buijk SL, Pompe JC, Holland WP, Gultuna I, Ince C, Saygin B, Bruining HA. A novel method of evaluation of three heat-moisture exchangers in six different ventilator settings. Intensive Care Med. 1998 Feb;24(2):138-46. doi: 10.1007/s001340050535. |
| 9648186 | Background | Wilkes AR. Heat and moisture exchangers. Structure and function. Respir Care Clin N Am. 1998 Jun;4(2):261-79. |
| 7956294 | Background | Martin C, Papazian L, Perrin G, Saux P, Gouin F. Preservation of humidity and heat of respiratory gases in patients with a minute ventilation greater than 10 L/min. Crit Care Med. 1994 Nov;22(11):1871-6. |
| 7750340 | Background | Martin C, Thomachot L, Quinio B, Viviand X, Albanese J. Comparing two heat and moisture exchangers with one vaporizing humidifier in patients with minute ventilation greater than 10 L/min. Chest. 1995 May;107(5):1411-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.107.5.1411. |
| 29742220 | Background | Plotnikow GA, Accoce M, Navarro E, Tiribelli N. Humidification and heating of inhaled gas in patients with artificial airway. A narrative review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018 Mar;30(1):86-97. doi: 10.5935/0103-507x.20180015. |
| Background | Branson RD. Humidification for patients with artificial airways. Respir Care. 1999;44(6):630-41 |
| 1817633 | Background | Oh TE, Lin ES, Bhatt S. Resistance of humidifiers, and inspiratory work imposed by a ventilator-humidifier circuit. Br J Anaesth. 1991 Feb;66(2):258-63. doi: 10.1093/bja/66.2.258. |
| 25729499 | Background | Roux NG, Plotnikow GA, Villalba DS, Gogniat E, Feld V, Ribero Vairo N, Sartore M, Bosso M, Scapellato JL, Intile D, Planells F, Noval D, Bunirigo P, Jofre R, Diaz Nielsen E. Evaluation of an active humidification system for inspired gas. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Mar;8(1):69-75. doi: 10.3342/ceo.2015.8.1.69. Epub 2015 Feb 3. |
| 28270542 | Background | Ari A, Alwadeai KS, Fink JB. Effects of Heat and Moisture Exchangers and Exhaled Humidity on Aerosol Deposition in a Simulated Ventilator-Dependent Adult Lung Model. Respir Care. 2017 May;62(5):538-543. doi: 10.4187/respcare.05015. Epub 2017 Mar 7. |
| 11907657 | Background | Thomachot L, Viviand X, Boyadjiev I, Vialet R, Martin C. The combination of a heat and moisture exchanger and a Booster: a clinical and bacteriological evaluation over 96 h. Intensive Care Med. 2002 Feb;28(2):147-53. doi: 10.1007/s00134-001-1193-2. Epub 2002 Jan 12. |
| Background | Branson RD, Campbell RS, Johannigman JA, Ottaway M, Davis K Jr, Luchette FA, et al. Comparison of conventional heated humidification with a new active hygroscopic heat and moisture exchanger in mechanically ventilated patients. Respir Care. 1999;44(8):912-7. |
| 18074484 | Background | Siempos II, Vardakas KZ, Kopterides P, Falagas ME. Impact of passive humidification on clinical outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med. 2007 Dec;35(12):2843-51. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000295302.67973.9a. |
| 20393939 | Background | Kelly M, Gillies D, Todd DA, Lockwood C. Heated humidification versus heat and moisture exchangers for ventilated adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Apr 14;(4):CD004711. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004711.pub2. |
| 25376073 | Background | Klompas M, Branson R, Eichenwald EC, Greene LR, Howell MD, Lee G, Magill SS, Maragakis LL, Priebe GP, Speck K, Yokoe DS, Berenholtz SM. Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 Sep;35 Suppl 2:S133-54. doi: 10.1017/s0899823x00193894. No abstract available. |
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| Dec 23, 2025 |