Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of this study is to analyse the changes derived from exergames (videogames that include cognitive and physical stimulation simultaneously), in terms of cognitive functioning, psychomotor abilities, and its neural substrate, in adults suffering from depression.
The experiment will consist in a randomized three-arms controlled study. After being informed about the study and potential risks, and given written informed consent, adult participants with depression will be randomly distributed into three experimental groups: an intervention group that will train with exergames, an active control group that will train only with cognitive games, and a passive control group or wait-list.
Cognitive Functions will be evaluated in three different moments: before the training intervention, after the intervention, and three months after finishing the training intervention.
Researchers will collect cognitive-behavioral and neural information (event-related potentials), and performing analysis of variance to compare the outcomes of the diverse groups at the three different time points, scientists will analyse the benefits of exergames on cognition.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exergame-Based Training | Experimental | Participants train with exergames (video games that include cognitive and physical training simultaneously), The training regime consists of 40-50 min sessions, two sessions per week, for a total of eight weeks of individual training. |
|
| Cognitive-Based Training | Active Comparator | Participants will train only with cognitive video games. The training regime consists of 40-50 min sessions, two sessions per week, for a total of eight weeks of individual training. |
|
| Wait-List | Placebo Comparator | Participants will not train with any program and they will not assist to any specific session. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exergame-Based Training | Behavioral | 40-50 min sessions, two sessions per week, for a total of eight weeks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Executive Functions measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after eight weeks of training intervention or placebo condition. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after eight weeks of training. Executive functions (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment and Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Memory will be measured with the tests Digit Spam Forward and Digit Spam Backward, from the Wechsler Memory Scale) after eight weeks of training intervention or placebo condition. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after eight weeks of training. Memory (measured with the tests Digit Spam Forward and Digit Spam Backward, from the Wechsler Memory Scale). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment and Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Attention; sustained attention will be measured with the Sustained Attention to Response Task, SART) after eight weeks of training intervention or placebo condition. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after eight weeks of training. Attention (measured with the Sustained Attention to Response Task). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline in Placebo Effect measures (Motivation) after eight weeks of training. | To measure the changes form baseline to the post-intervention, researchers will use to measure motivation a self-report 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not motivated, to 5 = extremely motivated) (This test is going to be used as a experimental self-report and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value regarding the results). |
Not provided
The inclusion and exclusion criteria for persons suffering from depression, will be validated by a professional (psychologist), through an interview and the use of reliable and valid psychological assessment tools.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eloisa Ruiz-Marquez | Contact | 643862849 | 0034 | sci@mapesinstitute.com |
Not provided
Not provided
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Ruiz-Marquez E. Neurophysiology of executive cognitive functions under depression. Explor Neurosci. 2025;4:100696. https://doi.org/10.37349/en.2025.100696 | ||
| Background | Ruiz-Marquez E. Protocol for measuring the benefits of exergames on executive functions under depression through a randomized multi-arm controlled experiment. Explor Neurosci. 2024;3:564-83. https://doi.org/10.37349/en. 2024.00068 | ||
| Background | Ruiz-Marquez, E. (2023). Protocol for measuring the benefits of exergames on executive functions under depression through a randomized multi-arm controlled experiment. Preprint. Open Science Framework.https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m7s2t_v1 | ||
| Background | Ruiz-Marquez, E. (2025). Neurophysiology of executive cognitive functions under depression. Preprint. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.37349/en.2025.100696 | ||
| Background | Ruiz-Marquez, E.,(2024). MUDgame. Measuring the Benefits of an Exergame-based intervention on Neuro-Cognitive Functions in adults suffering from Depression. A Randomized Multi-Arm Controlled Experiment. Project. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YBDCT | ||
| Background | Ruiz-Marquez, E. (2023). MUDgame. Measuring the Benefits of an Exergame-based intervention on Neuro-Cognitive Functions in adults suffering from Depression. A Randomized Multi-Arm Controlled Experiment. Preregistration. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z4S9Q |
Not provided
Not provided
The available data will be individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the articles, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices), Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan and Informed Consent Form.
Data will be available beginning 12 months and ending 3 years following articles publication.
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014850 | Waiting Lists |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001071 | Appointments and Schedules |
| D009934 | Organization and Administration |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
Not provided
Not provided
This project consists in a three-arms parallel-group randomized study to measure the benefits of exergames on cognition, in adults suffering from depression. Researchers will compare three different interventions (training with an exergame, which combines cognitive and physical stimulation, training with a cognitive game, and a wait-list condition), by randomizing participants to each group with equal probability.
Not provided
Not provided
This experiment is a single-blind design, where participants will be blind to the intervention, but researchers will not be blind to intervention allocation.
| Cognitive-Based Training | Behavioral | 40-50 min sessions, two sessions per week, for a total of eight weeks. |
|
| Wait-List | Behavioral | Participants will not train with any program and they will not assist to any specific session or intervention |
|
| Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment and Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Perception, visual perception will be measured with a classical Visual Search Task) after eight weeks of training intervention or placebo condition. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after eight weeks of training. Perception (measured with a classical Visual Search Task). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment and Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Processing Speed, measured with a Simple Reaction Times Task) after eight weeks of training intervention or placebo condition. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after eight weeks of training. Processing Speed (measured with a Simple Reaction Times Task). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment and Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Psychomotor functions, measured with the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale) after eight weeks of training intervention or placebo condition. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after eight weeks of training. Psychomotor functions (measured with the Salpetriere Retardation Rating Scale). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment and Post-assessment) |
| Change from Post-assessment in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Executive functions measured with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after 3-month follow-up. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after 3-month follow-up. Executive functions (measured with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from Post-assessment in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Memory will be measured with the tests Digit Spam Forward and Digit Spam Backward, from the Wechsler Memory Scale) after 3-month follow-up. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after 3-month follow-up. Memory (measured with the tests Digit Spam Forward and Digit Spam Backward, from the Wechsler Memory Scale). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from Post-assessment in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Attention; sustained attention will be measured with the Sustained Attention to Response Task) after 3-month follow-up. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after 3-month follow-up. Attention (measured with the Sustained Attention to Response Task). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from Post-assessment in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Perception, visual perception will be measured with a classical Visual Search Task) after 3-month follow-up. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after 3-month follow-up. Perception (measured with a classical Visual Search Task). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from Post-assessment in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Processing Speed, measured with a Simple Reaction Times Task) after 3-month follow-up. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after 3-month follow-up. Processing Speed (measured with a Simple Reaction Times Task). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from Post-assessment in Neuropsychological and Cognitive Functions (Psychomotor functions, measured with the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale) after 3-month follow-up. | Researchers will use valid and realiable experimental tasks to measure the psychological functions after 3-month follow-up. Psychomotor functions (measured with the Salpetriere Retardation Rating Scale). The task mentioned here may be subject of modification. The measures include behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times) and neural data (event related potentials). (This test is going to be used as an experimental psychological task and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value in accuracy or reaction times). | Three-month follow-up |
| Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment, Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Placebo Effect measures (Engagement) after eight weeks of training. | To measure the changes form baseline to the post-intervention, researchers will use to measure engagement a self-report 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not engaged, to 5 = extremely immersed). (This test is going to be used as a experimental self-report and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value regarding the results). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment, Post-assessment) |
| Change from Baseline in Placebo Effect measures (Expectations) after eight weeks of training. | To measure the changes form baseline to the post-intervention, researchers will use to measure expectations, a self-report 5-point Likert-type (1 = the results will be much worse, 3 = there will not be any change, 5 = the results will be much better). (This test is going to be used as a experimental self-report and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value regarding the results). | Baseline and after eight weeks of training (Pre-assessment, Post-assessment) |
| Change from post-assessment in Placebo Effect measures (Motivation) after 3-month follow-up. | To measure the changes form post-test to the 3-month follow-up, researchers will use to measure motivation a self-report 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not motivated, to 5 = extremely motivated) (This test is going to be used as a experimental self-report and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value regarding the results). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from post-assessment in Placebo Effect measures (Engagement) after 3-month follow-up. | To measure the changes form post-test to the 3-month follow-up, researchers will use to measure engagement a self-report 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not engaged, to 5 = extremely immersed). (This test is going to be used as a experimental self-report and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value regarding the results). | Three-month follow-up |
| Change from post-assessment in Placebo Effect measures (Expectations) after 3-month follow-up. | To measure the changes form post-test to the 3-month follow-up, researchers will use to measure expectations, a self-report 5-point Likert-type (1 = the results will be much worse, 3 = there will not be any change, 5 = the results will be much better). (This test is going to be used as a experimental self-report and it is not going to be used as a screening psychological tool, then, there are not cut-off values, a minimun or maximum value regarding the results). | Three-month follow-up |