The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Adebrelimab Injection in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) under real-world conditions. Specifically, the study aims to assess the treatment of Adebrelimab Injection across various subgroups of ES-SCLC patients. The goal is to provide information on treatment patterns and effectiveness in real-life settings, explore potential predictive or prognostic biomarkers, and preliminarily evaluate the pharmacoeconomic indicators of Adebrelimab Injection treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

This trial is a multicenter, non-interventional real-world study aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of Adebrelimab in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The study plans to enroll 2000 patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, collecting relevant information such as demographics, medical history, treatment regimens including Adebrelimab, clinical outcomes, and adverse events.

Patients who have already decided to receive Adebrelimab treatment before enrollment will be categorized into one of the following two cohorts based on their disease stage and prior treatments:

Cohort 1: First-line treatment for advanced stage Cohort 2: Second-line and beyond for advanced stage

The Adebrelimab-containing treatment regimen for each patient will be assessed and selected by the investigator, and some treatment regimens are provided in this protocol for reference. After patients discontinue Adebrelimab treatment, they will be followed up until death, loss to follow-up, withdrawal of informed consent/voluntary withdrawal, or study termination/closure, whichever occurs first.

As this is an observational study, treatments, procedures, visits, and examinations are based on the routine clinical experience of the attending physicians. The examinations listed in the protocol are recommended or for reference, with no mandatory requirements. The primary source of data for this study will be patients' routine medical records. During the period of Adebrelimab treatment, data on the administration regimen, routine examinations, adverse events, concomitant medications, and efficacy evaluations will be collected.

When patients permanently discontinue Adebrelimab treatment for any reason (including but not limited to disease progression, intolerable toxicity, patient request, etc.), the reasons for discontinuation, adverse events/serious adverse events (up to 90 days after the last dose of Adebrelimab), the time of radiographic disease progression (if not the reason for discontinuation), subsequent anti-tumor treatments, and survival follow-up data will be collected.

This study will explore potential predictive or prognostic biomarkers for ES-SCLC, so patients are requested to provide 10 tumor tissue slides whenever possible.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for inclusion in this study:

  1. Voluntarily sign the informed consent form and agree to participate in the study.
  2. Histopathologically or cytologically confirmed extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).
  3. Age ≥ 18 years.
  4. Determined by the investigator to be eligible for Adebrelimab treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with any of the following conditions are not eligible for inclusion in this study:

  1. Evidence of being a pregnant or lactating female.
  2. Currently receiving treatment as part of a blinded study protocol.
  3. Any other condition that the investigator deems unsuitable for inclusion in the study.

For some adverse reactions with an incidence as low as 0.25%, further observation in a larger population in the real world is needed. Using NCSS PASS 21 software (LLC. Kaysville, Utah, USA, ncss.com/software/pass), it was calculated that approximately 2000 patients need to be observed in this study to ensure a confidence of no less than 99% in successfully observing at least one case of an adverse reaction with an incidence as low as 0.25%.

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