The goal of this clinical trial is to explore the value of a multimodal ultrasound model based on Angio Planewave Ultrasensitive Imaging, Shear Wave Elastography and grayscale ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Can an innovative ultra-microvascular classification system based on Angio Planewave Ultrasensitive Imaging distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules? How about the performance of multimodal ultrasound model to Guide the Fine-Needle Aspiration Management of Thyroid Lesions?

Participants will:

Undergo grayscale ultrasound, SWE, and Angio Planewave Ultrasensitive Imaging multimodal thyroid ultrasound examination within one week before surgery Undergo surgery and obtain the postoperative pathological diagnosis

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age more than 18 years;
2. Voluntarily signed informed consent;
3. Have 1 or more thyroid nodules detectable by ultrasound;
4. participant underwent surgical procedure to confirm the pathologic results

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Nodules are accompanied by large calcifications followed by acoustic shadows
2. History of previous neck surgery or cancer, thyroid medications, radiation or surgical treatment;
3. Poor quality of retained images or non-standard operations (such as intermittent scanning and improper probe compression), and incomplete pathological results.

Population data for this prospective single-center cohort study were gathered at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.