Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1 (ASRS) is frequently used in family medicine clinics to screen for ADHD. Numerous studies have found the ASRS has a low positive predictive value. Compounding this concern is the format of the ASRS. Specifically, the answers on the ASRS that lead to screen positive results are shaded in gray and grouped together, which may make it easy for patients to discern which responses should be selected for a positive screen.
The ASRS is used widely to screen for ADHD in adults. It has 18 questions, with response options "never," "rarely," "sometimes," "often," and "very often." The 6 questions considered most predictive of ADHD are grouped together in Part A and questions that are meant to provide additional cues are grouped together in Part B. The options that are considered a positive response vary between questions; for some questions the option is at least "sometimes," while for others it is at least "often." The positive response options are shaded on the ASRS. A person is considered to have a positive screen if 4 of the 6 questions in Part A are positive.
The objective of this trial is to determine if the shading and grouping on the ASRS impacts screening results. This trial has a 2x2 factorial design set in a family medicine clinic(s). When a patients check in for an appointment, clinic staff will offer them a survey that includes 1) demographic questions and 2) 1 of the 4 versions of the ASRS, the version they receive is randomized (with programming). Most patients will take approximately 5 minutes to complete the survey prior to them seeing the family physician.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASRS without shading and with grouping | Experimental | These participants will receive the ASRS form that does not have shading for the screen positive response options and has the questions grouped (ie, the headings "Part A" and "Part B" will remain on the form). |
|
| ASRS with shading and without grouping | Experimental | These participants will receive the ASRS form that has the screen positive response options shaded and has the questions ungrouped (ie, the headings "Part A" and "Part B" are removed). |
|
| ASRS without shading and without grouping | Experimental | These participants will receive the ASRS form that does not have shading for the screen positive response options and has the questions ungrouped (ie, the headings "Part A" and "Part B" are removed). |
|
| Standard ASRS: with shading and with grouping | No Intervention | These participants will receive the standard ASRS form. This form has the positive response options for each question shaded and has the questions grouped (ie, the headings "Part A" and "Part B" will remain on the form). |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altered ASRS format, without shading and with grouping | Other | Participants will be asked to complete the ASRS form without shading and with grouping. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Screen positive rate | Poisson regression to determine the relative risk of a screen positive among the different versions of the form. We will include the following covariates: shading, grouping, shading x grouping, suspect ADHD without diagnosis, ADHD diagnosis, sex, and age. | Through study completion, estimated to be 2 months |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Roni Kraut | University of Alberta | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shifa Medical Clinic | Edmonton | Alberta | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41551194 | Result | Kraut RY, Ono C, Garrison S, Kamal O, Doroshuk ML, Vandermeer B, Amanna G, Babenko O. Does the format of the adult ADHD self-report scale influence screen-positive rates? A randomized controlled trial in primary care. Front Psychiatry. 2026 Jan 2;16:1646293. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1646293. eCollection 2025. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Altered ASRS format, with shading and without grouping | Other | Participants will be asked to complete the ASRS form with shading and without grouping. |
|
| Altered ASRS format, without shading and without grouping | Other | Participants will be asked to complete the ASRS form without shading and without grouping. |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001289 | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019958 | Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided