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The aim of this study is to compare the non-dominant hands of pianists with the dominant hands of individuals who do not play an instrument in terms of skill and reaction time.
The study was conducted at Haliç University on 10 individuals who have been playing the piano for at least five years (Group 1) and 10 individuals who have never played an instrument in their lives (Group 2). The individuals who agreed to participate in the study and signed the consent form were administered the "Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire" to determine hand dominance, the "Nine-Hole Peg Test" to evaluate hand dexterity, and the "Nelson Hand Reaction Test" to determine reaction time. We believe that the results of our study will provide new perspectives to the literature.Statistical analysis will be performed with SPSS 24.0 program. If the data is parametric, paired sample t-test will be used for within-group evaluation; independent sample t-test will be used for between-group evaluation. If the data is non-parametric, Wilson test will be used for within-group evaluation and Mann Whitney U test will be used for between-group evaluation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1: Pianists | The non-dominant hands of the pianists in this group were evaluated. |
| |
| Group 2: Individuals Who Do Not Play Instruments | The dominant hands of the individuals who do not play instruments in this group were evaluated. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The same evaluation methods were used for both groups. No intervention was applied to individuals in two groups.. | Other | No intervention was applied to individuals in this group. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire | Used to determine hand dominance. The survey's answer options; the results of the survey were evaluated according to Geschwind's score as follows, in line with the answers given.
| at baseline |
| Nine-Hole Peg Test | It was used to evaluate fine manual skills against time. The participant was asked to place 9 3.2 cm long sticks into the holes on the platform as quickly as possible with his hand and the time from the start command to the last stick was recorded. Then, he was asked to collect the sticks in order with the same hand and the time to remove all the sticks was recorded in seconds. | at baseline |
| Nelson Hand Reaction Test | It was used to evaluate reaction time. It consists of a ruler graduated in time. The tester held the ruler by the end between the thumb and index finger of the subject and then released the ruler. The upper point where the subject grasped the ruler with his fingers was recorded. | at baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
For Group 1:
For Group 2:
Exclusion Criteria:
For Group 1:
For Group 2:
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Pianists and Individuals Who Do Not Play Instruments
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Duygu Şahin Altaç, PT, MSc. | Halic University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halic University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18468369 | Result | Heinan M. A review of the unique injuries sustained by musicians. JAAPA. 2008 Apr;21(4):45-6, 48, 50 passim. doi: 10.1097/01720610-200804000-00015. No abstract available. | |
| 15195287 | Result | Haslinger B, Erhard P, Altenmuller E, Hennenlotter A, Schwaiger M, Grafin von Einsiedel H, Rummeny E, Conrad B, Ceballos-Baumann AO. Reduced recruitment of motor association areas during bimanual coordination in concert pianists. Hum Brain Mapp. 2004 Jul;22(3):206-15. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20028. |
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| 16059856 | Result | Poole JL, Burtner PA, Torres TA, McMullen CK, Markham A, Marcum ML, Anderson JB, Qualls C. Measuring dexterity in children using the Nine-hole Peg Test. J Hand Ther. 2005 Jul-Sep;18(3):348-51. doi: 10.1197/j.jht.2005.04.003. |