This study is designed to evaluate if treatment with adjuvant nivolumab improves depth of response in patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who achieve a less-than-ideal response to idecaptagene vicleucel.

This is a single arm, two-stage, Phase II of adjuvant nivolumab in patients with RRMM treated with at least 2 prior lines of therapy and are refractory to or intolerant of at least one proteasome inhibitor (PI), one immunomodulatory agent (IMiD), and one anti-CD38 antibody who achieved a sub-optimal response (defined as a VGPR, PR, MR, or SD by IMWG 2016 criteria) to treatment with idecabtagene vicleucel.

This study will determine best overall response after 2 cycles of adjuvant nivolumab given every 4 weeks in patient who achieve a sub-optimal response to ide-celon restaging studies ~30 days after infusion. The Investigators will also evaluate for changes in CAR-T cell expansion, persistence of CAR-T cells, and additional toxicity compared to historical controls.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health information signed by the participant or his/her legally authorized representative

2. Age ≥ 18 years at the time of consent

3. ECOG Performance Status (PS) of ≤ 1 at the time of enrollment. PS must be evaluated within 14 days prior to enrollment.

4. Measurable disease according to IMWG 2016 criteria present within 28 days prior to ide-cel infusion. Note that patients will NOT be required to have measurable disease at time of enrollment. Measurable disease is defined as:

   1. Serum M-protein ≥1 g/dL (> 0.5 g/dL for IgA or IgM) OR
   2. Urine M-protein ≥200 mg/24 h OR
   3. Involved free light chain (FLC) level ≥10 mg/dL provided serum FLC ratio is abnormal

5. Previous treatment with idecabtagene vicleucel according to the FDA approved US prescribing information with a response of CR/sCR, VGPR or PR by IMWG 2016 criteria evaluated no sooner than 3 weeks after idecabtagene vicleucel infusion when compared to baseline disease evaluations collected no earlier than 28 days prior to ide-cel infusion. Note: The 28-day window applies to all assessments, even if assessments were performed on different days.

   Note: Participants who received non-conforming idecabtagene vicleucel who were originally prescribed idecabtagene vicleucel according to the FDA approved label may be considered for inclusion per the investigator's discretion.

6. Participants must be enrolled no sooner than 3 weeks and no later than 6 weeks from the date of the idecabtagene vicleucel infusion.

7. Recovered from all non-hematologic reversible acute toxic effects of prior therapy (other than alopecia) to ≤ grade 1 or baseline. Participants with grade ≤ 2 treatment induced peripheral neuropathy are eligible. Participants with hematologic reversible acute toxic effects are allowed to participate if laboratory values meet eligibility parameters.

8. Demonstrate adequate organ function as defined in the table below; all screening labs to be obtained within 28 days prior to enrollment. The most recent labs prior to enrollment will be used to evaluate for eligibility if labs drawn more than once during screening.

9. Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to enrollment. NOTE: Females are considered of childbearing potential unless they are surgically sterile (have undergone a hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, or bilateral oophorectomy) or are postmenopausal (at least 12 consecutive months with no menses without an alternative medical cause).

   FCBP must be willing to use a highly effective contraceptive method (i.e., achieves a failure rate of <1% per year when used consistently and correctly) from the time of informed consent until 5 months after last dose of nivolumab. Contraceptive methods with low user dependency are preferable but not required (see table, adapted from: 2020_09_HMA_CTFG_Contraception_guidance_Version_1.1_updated.pdf)

10. Ability of the participant to understand and comply with study procedures for the entire length of the study, as determined by the enrolling investigator

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, POEMS syndrome, or amyloidosis

2. History of/or active infection listed below:

   1. Active infection requiring systemic therapy (NOTE: at discretion of investigator, participants receiving treatment for an uncomplicated urinary tract infection or localized cellulitis may be eligible.)
   2. Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or hepatitis B infection. Well controlled HIV infection (as defined by an undetectable viral load) and chronic hepatitis B infection on appropriate prophylaxis can be considered per enrolling investigator discretion
   3. Active hepatitis C infection. Participants with previously treated hepatitis C infection with documented eradication of their infection will be allowed to enroll.
   4. Known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis)

3. Pregnant or breastfeeding (Note: breast milk cannot be stored for future use while the mother is being treated on study.)

4. Current evidence of active cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity (any grade)

5. Participants previously diagnosed with an additional malignancy must be disease-free for at least 2 years prior to enrollment. Exceptions include basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer and in situ cervical or bladder cancer.

6. Treatment with any anti-myeloma therapy or investigational drug within 30 days prior to cycle 1 day 1 of nivolumab other than ide-cel with the exception of lymphodepleting chemotherapy or steroids for ide-cel therapy. Investigational includes drugs approved for human use but not approved for the indication.

7. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements as determined by the investigator

8. History of transplant:

   1. Autologous stem cell transplant within 12 weeks of C1D1
   2. Allogeneic stem cell transplant
   3. Solid organ transplant

9. Active known or suspected autoimmune disease. Participants with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll.

10. Known history of interstitial lung disease or known history of non-infectious pneumonitis

11. Inability to take Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP) prophylaxis (either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, or pentamidine)

12. A condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (>10 mg daily prednisone equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of C1D1 (Note: Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroid doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease)

13. Prisoners or participants who are involuntarily incarcerated

14. Known history of myocarditis, regardless of etiology

15. Known history of allergy or hypersensitivity to study drug components

16. History of serious side effects to nivolumab or ipilimumab, as defined by the enrolling investigator