The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate if different music interventions (motivational music, self-selected music, and no music) can enhance mental and physical performance in young basketball players aged 12-19 in Shandong Province, China. The primary questions it aims to answer are:

Does motivational music lead to higher levels of mental energy, mental toughness, mindful attention awareness, psychological skills, and athletic identity compared to no music? Does self-selected music lead to higher levels of these variables compared to no music? Researchers will compare three groups (motivational music, self-selected music, and no music) to determine if these interventions significantly affect mental energy, mental toughness, psychological skills, mindfulness, athletic identity, and sports performance.

Participants will:

Be randomly assigned to one of three groups: motivational music, self-selected music, or no music (control).

Listen to their assigned type of music for 30 minutes before basketball training and performance tests, three times a week for 12 weeks.

Complete questionnaires and performance tests at the start and end of the study to measure changes in their mental and physical performance.

Study Title:

Investigating the Effects of Music on Mental Energy, Mental Toughness, Psychological Skills, Mindfulness, Athletic Identity, and Sports Performance among Young Basketball Players in Shandong Province, China

Objective:

The objective of this clinical trial is to explore how different types of music (motivational, self-selected, and no music) affect the mental and physical performance of young basketball players aged 12-19 in Shandong Province, China.

Study Design:

This study is a single-center interventional randomized controlled trial with parallel assignment. It involves three groups: motivational music, self-selected music, and no music (control). There is no masking in this study.

Study Setting:

The study is conducted at a sports training center in Shandong Province, China.

Interventions:Participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups:

Motivational Music Group: Listens to pre-selected motivational tracks Self-Selected Music Group: Chooses their own music Control Group: Does not listen to any music Each group consists of 14 young basketball players. The intervention involves listening to the assigned type of music for a duration of 30 minutes before engaging in basketball training and performance tests, conducted three times a week for eight weeks.

Outcome Measures:Primary Outcome Measures: Mental Energy: Measured using the Athletic Mental Energy Scale (AMES) at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Psychological Skills: Measured using the Psychological Skills Inventory (APSI) at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Athletic Identity: Measured using the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale - Plus (AIMS-P) at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Mindfulness: Measured using the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Mental Toughness: Measured using the Trait Mental Toughness Inventory for Sport (TMTIS) at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Sport Performance Success: Measured using the Sport Success Scale (SSS) at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Secondary Outcome Measures: Sports Performance: Measured through multiple crossover dribble layup, running vertical jump, and shooting tests at pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 12 weeks).

Hypotheses:

1. The level of mental energy, mental toughness, mindful attention awareness, psychological skills, athletic identity, and sports performance can be reliably measured using the AMES, MAAS, TMTIS, APSI, AIMS-P, and SSS scales, with average or total scores representing each domain.

2. Music intervention (motivational, self-selected, and no music) will have significant effects on mental energy, mental toughness, mindful attention awareness, psychological skills, and athletic identity among young basketball players.

   Motivational music will lead to higher levels of these variables compared to no music.

   Self-selected music will lead to higher levels of these variables compared to no music.

3. Music intervention will significantly affect sports performance. Motivational music will enhance sports performance more than no music. Self-selected music will enhance sports performance more than no music.

Inclusion Criteria:

Youth basketball players with Chinese nationality Aged 15-17 years old Able to complete the questionnaires before and after the intervention Members of the same team with identical weekly training frequency, diet, and routine before and after the intervention At least 2 years of training experience No recent competition commitments Statistically insignificant differences in height, weight, and BMI

Exclusion Criteria:

Unwillingness to participate in the intervention phase Disabilities preventing physical activity Potential injuries or medical problems that could compromise participation or performance in the study

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study will be available upon request from PhD candidate . The type of data to be shared includes individual participant data (IPD) such as responses to AMES, MAAS, TMTIS, APSI, AIMS-P, SSS questionnaires, and results from basketball performance tests. Data will become available six months after the study's results are published and will remain available for five years following publication. Access to the data will be granted to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, subject to review and approval by the study team. Data will be anonymized to protect participant confidentiality. Researchers requesting data will need to sign a data access agreement.

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study will be available upon request from PhD candidate . The type of data to be shared includes individual participant data (IPD) such as responses to AMES, MAAS, TMTIS, APSI, AIMS-P, SSS questionnaires, and results from basketball performance tests. Data will become available six months after the study's results are published and will remain available for five years following publication. Access to the data will be granted to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, subject to review and approval by the study team. Data will be anonymized to protect participant confidentiality. Researchers requesting data will need to sign a data access agreement.

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study will be available upon request from PhD candidate . The type of data to be shared includes individual participant data (IPD) such as responses to AMES, MAAS, TMTIS, APSI, AIMS-P, SSS questionnaires, and results from basketball performance tests. Data will become available six months after the study's results are published and will remain available for five years following publication. Access to the data will be granted to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, subject to review and approval by the study team. Data will be anonymized to protect participant confidentiality. Researchers requesting data will need to sign a data access agreement.

No masking is used in this study as participants and investigators are aware of the group assignments.