Ketorolac Effects on Post-operative Pain and Lumbar Fusion

Ketorolac Effects on Post-operative Pain and Lumbar Fusion: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

A double blind prospective randomized trial of IV ketorolac vs. placebo in management of patients undergoing lumbar one or two level spinal fusions.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-85 years old (inclusive)
• Elective posterior lumbar instrumented fusion
• One or two level fusion
• Consent to participate in study and willing to adhere to study follow up
• English proficiency

Exclusion Criteria:

• < 18 or > 85 years old
• History of renal failure, dialysis, or creatinine over 1.50 mg/dl
• Active or recent smoker (active within past 6 months)
• Revision surgery
• Auto/worker compensation
• Active cancer or history of chemotherapy in past 6 months
• Active narcotic use within 3 months of surgery date
• Infection at operative levels
• Any allergies to NSAIDs or Opioids