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The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of different manual cupping therapy protocols on ankle range of motion, compared to sham treatments, in generally healthy adults with limited ankle range of motion (i.e., ankle dorsiflexion less than 40 degrees).
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of different manual cupping therapy protocols on ankle range of motion, compared to sham treatments, in generally healthy adults with limited ankle range of motion (i.e., ankle dorsiflexion less than 40 degrees). Participants had their baseline ankle dorsiflexion measured with a digital inclinometer in a weight-bearing modified lunge position by a certified athletic trainer. Participants who were eligible for the study were then randomly assigned to one of 4 groups; 2 of which were intervention groups (i.e., dynamic cupping, static cupping) and 2 of which were sham treatments (i.e., static sham cupping, dynamic sham cupping). Each participant was blinded to the therapy they were randomized to and all received a total of 10 minutes of the cupping therapy (either actual or sham). In general, cupping therapy consisted of creating a negative pressure in four 2" diameter plastic cups placed on the gastrocnemius. Sham cups had small holes in them allowing air to leak out. Cups were also attached with adhesive tape to all participants to ensure blinding. Depending on the treatment received, participants either were asked to lie still in the prone position or perform ankle exercises during the 10 minutes while the cups were attached. Immediately after receiving treatment, participants had their ankle dorsiflexion measured again using the same procedure described for baseline measurement.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Static cupping | Experimental | Negative pressure was created inside 4 plastic cups (2" diameter) placed on the gastrocnemius by drawing out air with two full pumps via a manual suction tool and participants laid in the prone position for 10 minutes while the cups stayed attached to the skin. Cups were attached to the skin with adhesive tape. |
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| Static sham cupping | Sham Comparator | Negative pressure was created inside 4 plastic cups (2" diameter) placed on the gastrocnemius by drawing out air with two full pumps via a manual suction tool and participants laid in the prone position for 10 minutes while the cups stayed attached to the skin. Cups were attached to the skin with adhesive tape. However, the sham cups had a small hole in them which allowed pressure to leak out. |
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| Dynamic cupping | Experimental | Negative pressure was created inside 4 plastic cups (2" diameter) placed on the gastrocnemius by drawing out air with two full pumps via a manual suction tool and participants laid in the prone position for 5 minutes while the cups stayed attached to the skin. Participants then completed two sets of 10 full range ankle pumps with a rest period of 30 seconds between sets (approximately 2 minutes). For the remaining 3 minutes, participants remained still in the prone position with the cups remaining attached. Cups were attached to the skin with adhesive tape. |
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| Dynamic sham cupping | Sham Comparator | Negative pressure was created inside 4 plastic cups (2" diameter) placed on the gastrocnemius by drawing out air with two full pumps via a manual suction tool and participants laid in the prone position for 5 minutes while the cups stayed attached to the skin. Participants then completed two sets of 10 full range ankle pumps with a rest period of 30 seconds between sets (approximately 2 minutes). For the remaining 3 minutes, participants remained still in the prone position with the cups remaining attached. Cups were attached to the skin with adhesive tape. However, the sham cups had a small hole in them which allowed pressure to leak out. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Static cupping | Other | 4 cups were placed on the gastrocnemius, negative pressure was applied and participants lay prone on a table for 10 minutes. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in average ankle dorsiflexion (degrees) using a digital inclinometer | Weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion measured by performing a modified lunge and bringing the knee forward as far as possible without allowing the heel to come off of the ground. A digital inclinometer was placed vertically over the tibial tuberosity and the measurement was reported as the average of three trials, in degrees. | Baseline and immediately after receiving treatment. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Megan C Nelson, PhD | Northern Michigan University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Michigan University | Marquette | Michigan | 49855 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39593488 | Derived | Schaub AN, Rochester JA, Getschow KL, Nelson MC. The effect of different types of cupping therapy on acute changes in ankle dorsiflexion. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024 Oct;40:1549-1554. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.08.012. Epub 2024 Aug 22. |
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No individual data will be shared, data will only be shared in aggregate form.
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Participants did not know whether they were receiving actual cupping treatment or a sham treatment.
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| Static sham cupping | Other | 4 cups were placed on the gastrocnemius, negative pressure was applied and participants lay prone on a table for 10 minutes. A pin hole in the cup allowed pressure to slowly leak out during the treatment. |
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| Dynamic cupping | Other | 4 cups were placed on the gastrocnemius, negative pressure was applied and participants lay prone on a table for 5 minutes, then did ankle exercises for 3 minutes, and lastly lay prone on the table for the last 3 minutes. |
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| Dynamic sham cupping | Other | 4 cups were placed on the gastrocnemius, negative pressure was applied and participants lay prone on a table for 5 minutes, then did ankle exercises for 3 minutes, and lastly lay prone on the table for the last 3 minutes. A pin hole in the cup allowed pressure to slowly leak out during the treatment. |
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