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More research is needed to articulate the most effective ways to use these tools as screening tests in cardiovascular risk assessments and how they ultimately affect CVD mortality and morbidity outcomes. Clinicians are encouraged to continue sharing decision-making with patients to combine their unique cardiovascular risk factors and develop a comprehensive, effective treatment plan.
Study Design: observational study Duration of Study: ongoing. Sample Size: All patients presenting to preventive cardiology clinics at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan..
Sampling Technique: Non-probability consecutive sampling Data Collection Procedure: Verbal informed consent will be obtained from all the patients regarding their participation in the study and publication of study findings while maintaining confidentiality. Consecutive patients presenting preventive cardiology clinics at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan, will be included in this registry. Demographic characteristics, physical examination, clinical history, risk modification, lab assessment, and ASCVD risk score at presentation and at every follow-up will be recorded using a structural questionnaire.
Data Analysis Procedure: The Tentative analysis plan uses collected data for research publications. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 21) will be used to analyze baseline characteristics. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be applied to check the hypothesis of normality for quantitative (continuous) variables. Descriptive statistics such as mean ± SD, median (IQR), skewness, maximum, and minimum will be calculated for quantitative (continuous) variables. Frequency and percentages will be calculated for categorical variables.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult patients | Adult patients with or without cardiovascular diseases. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk assesment | Other | ASCVD Score and WHO Cardiovascular Risk score. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| cardiovascular risk assesesment | risk stratification of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients without established CVD but with CVD co morbids.we are using Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (ASCVD) Risk Score and World Heart Organization(WHO) Risk Score for CVD Risk Assesment. In ASCVD Risk Score, we categorize population into low risk ( score <5), borderline(score between 5 and 7.4) ,intermediate( score between 7.5 an 19.9) and high risk (score>20), using all parameters for risk assesment. For WHO risk score calculation we are using WHO Risk score system for South Asia. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/cardiovascular-diseases/south-asia.pdf?sfvrsn=c5b0d9a3\_2 | Ten years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk reduction | CVD risk reduction in patients with or without established CVD but with CVD co morbids. | Ten years |
| Cardiovascular related deaths | Estimation of patients who expired in their follow up despite CVD risk factors management. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Both genders, age 18 and above, visiting preventive cardiology clinics with or without established CVD and may or may not have CVD risk factors.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr Rubina Rauf | Contact | +923002947117 | drrubinarauf@gmail.com | |
| Musa Karim | Contact | +923323646169 | mkarim.nicvd@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dr Rubina Rauf | National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases | Recruiting | Karachi | Sindh | 75510 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39542488 | Derived | Rauf R, Khan MN, Sial JA, Qamar N, Saghir T, Kazmi KA. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among women in a South Asian population: a descriptive study of modifiable risk factors. BMJ Open. 2024 Nov 14;14(11):e089149. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089149. |
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| Ten years. |