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The first hours after birth are critical for the physiological and psychological adaptation process of the newborn from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends skin-to-skin contact as a routine part of care to stabilize the newborn's vital signs and strengthen the mother-infant bond. However, the rate of skin-to-skin contact in women who give birth by cesarean section is lower compared to vaginal deliveries. Considering the global increase in cesarean birth rates, it is necessary to develop appropriate and practical care methods for mothers and newborns who deliver by cesarean section.
The literature has examined the effects of the duration of skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding initiation, neonatal hypothermia, and cardiopulmonary stability. However, studies aimed at increasing the duration of skin-to-skin contact are limited. This study compares the effects of standard skin-to-skin contact and skin-to-skin contact using a sling on the duration of skin-to-skin contact, postpartum breastfeeding success, and physiological weight loss of the newborn in primiparous mothers who delivered by cesarean section.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | The intervention group will receive skin-to-skin contact facilitated by the use of a sling. Immediately after the cesarean section and stabilization, the newborn will be placed against the mother's bare chest using a specially designed sling. This sling will secure the baby in a safe and comfortable position, allowing for continuous close contact. The duration of skin-to-skin contact will be encouraged to last as long as the mother and baby are comfortable, without any set time limits. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | The control group will receive standard skin-to-skin contact without the use of a sling. Immediately after the cesarean section and stabilization, the newborn will be placed directly on the mother's bare chest. This traditional method will involve holding the baby manually to maintain skin-to-skin contact. The duration of skin-to-skin contact will be encouraged to last as long as the mother and baby are comfortable, without any set time limits. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| skin to skin with sling | Other | In the intervention group, skin-to-skin contact will be facilitated using a specially designed sling. This approach aims to enhance the quality and duration of skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the newborn. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Introductory Information Form | The introductory characteristics of the mother and newborn are documented in forms used by the institution during patient care and in records. These forms are created by the researchers to systematize the information used in this study. | Baseline (to both groups before the intervention) |
| Skin-to-Skin Contact Tracking Form | This form is created by the researchers to determine the duration of skin-to-skin contact for each participant. | To be completed during patient follow-up (postpartum days 0, 1, and 2) |
| Breastfeeding Assessment Scale (LATCH) | The scale, developed by Jensen and Wallace in 1993, aims to objectively assess breastfeeding, identify breastfeeding problems, plan education, establish a common language among healthcare professionals, and be used in research (Jensen et al., 1994). The scale was adapted into Turkish by Yenal and OkumuÅŸ in 2003 and consists of five assessment steps. It is modeled after the APGAR scoring system and is quick and easy to use. The acronym LATCH stands for the English terms of these assessment steps: "L = Latch on breast," "A = Audible swallowing," "T = Type of nipple," "C = Comfort breast/nipple," "H = Hold." Each item is scored between 0-2 points. The total possible score from the measurement tool is 10. There is no cut-off point for the tool. As the LATCH score increases, the success of breastfeeding is understood to be higher. The scale has a Cronbach alpha value of .95 (Yenal and OkumuÅŸ, 2003). | To be completed during patient follow-up, once a day (postpartum days 0, 1, and 2) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merve Coşkun | Ataşehir | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21220191 | Result | Takahashi Y, Tamakoshi K, Matsushima M, Kawabe T. Comparison of salivary cortisol, heart rate, and oxygen saturation between early skin-to-skin contact with different initiation and duration times in healthy, full-term infants. Early Hum Dev. 2011 Mar;87(3):151-7. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.012. Epub 2011 Jan 8. | |
| 37948400 | Result |
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after the publication
Online database link will be sent
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Randomized Controlled Experimental Design
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In the single-blind method, subjects do not know which of the experimental or control groups they were selected and therefore which method was applied to them. The researcher knows the subjects selected for the experimental and control groups, and therefore which method was applied to which subjects.
| Wigglesworth H, Huddy V, Knowles R, Millings A. Evaluating the impact of sling provision and training upon maternal mental health, wellbeing and parenting: A randomised feasibility trial. PLoS One. 2023 Nov 10;18(11):e0293501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293501. eCollection 2023. |
| 28231274 | Result | Kollmann M, Aldrian L, Scheuchenegger A, Mautner E, Herzog SA, Urlesberger B, Raggam RB, Lang U, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Klaritsch P. Early skin-to-skin contact after cesarean section: A randomized clinical pilot study. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 23;12(2):e0168783. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168783. eCollection 2017. |
| 20179657 | Result | Gouchon S, Gregori D, Picotto A, Patrucco G, Nangeroni M, Di Giulio P. Skin-to-skin contact after cesarean delivery: an experimental study. Nurs Res. 2010 Mar-Apr;59(2):78-84. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181d1a8bc. |