Neonatal jaundice is a major global health issue that can lead to serious complications and even death if not promptly treated. ABO incompatibility is a common cause of pathological neonatal jaundice, but there are currently no specific tests to predict its severity or progression. This project aims to study the role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of newborn jaundice, focusing on their impact on infants with ABO incompatibility. The study will take place at a reference neonatal intensive care unit, involving 45 infants. Serum and breast milk samples will be collected and analyzed to determine any relationships and possible correlations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Newborns who are needed treatment for neonatal jaundice due to ABO incompatibility
• Newborns who are admitted to the study center due to ABO hemolytic disease
• Newborns with ABO incompatibility
• Healthy newborns
• Healthy mothers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lack of informed consent
• Congenital abnormalities
• Maternal Liver diseases
• Neonatal liver diseases
• Sepsis
• Neonatal jaundice due to the causes other than ABO incompatibility
• Acute or chronic disease state in newborn
• Maternal acute or chronic disease
• Medication or substance use effecting liver functions

It is planned to include a total of 45 babies in the study, including healthy babies (n=15) in the first group, babies who developed jaundice due to ABO incompatibility but did not need treatment (n=15) in the second group, and babies who developed jaundice due to ABO incompatibility and needed treatment (n=15) in the third group.