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The objective of this observational study was to assess whether moderate intensity training (MIIT) intervention has positive effects on Mental Toughness, Sports Motivation, Athlete Burnout and Perceived Stress of badminton players in Yunnan Province. And reduce the error rate of badminton players
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) | Experimental | Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) is developed by university badminton coaches |
|
| High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) | Experimental | High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is developed by university badminton coaches |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) | Behavioral | Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) is developed by university badminton coaches, three times a week for 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reduce the error rate of badminton players | The error rate will be recorded by a professional video camera team, recorded and counted by the teaching assistant team, and calculated and analyzed by the head coach | week 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from mental toughness questionnaire (MTQ) | Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ; Clifford et al., 2007) consisted of 14 questions to assess the three dimensions of confidence, persistence and control, and was scored using the 4-point Likert scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) show that the model fits well, and the specific indicators are as follows: Chi-square value χ² = 120.50, df = 71, p < 0.001, comparative fitting index (CFI) was 0.93, value-added fitting index (TLI) was 0.91, root mean square approximation (RMSEA) was 0.05, and standardized mean square residual (SRMR) was 0.06. These results indicate that SMTQ has good structural validity and reliability, and is suitable for evaluating the mental toughness of athletes. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
1. Participants were between the ages of 18 to 30
2. Male or female
3. At least 3 years' experience in amateur badminton training. This includes current players who are training with the Province badminton team. Or has been selected by the Kunming badminton team in Yunnan Province. Or have participated in domestic or foreign provincial, municipal or higher's competitions.
Exclusion Criteria:
- 1. Participants who are currently injured. 2. Participants who have not participated in any provincial badminton competition.
3. Participants who refuse to give consent to participate in the study.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universiti Sains Malaysia | Kota Bharu | Kelantan | 16150 | Malaysia |
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The 171 people tested were randomly divided into 3 groups of 57 each during the intervention phase, with two groups carrying out a intervention
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| High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) | Behavioral | High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is developed by university badminton coaches, three times a week for 12 weeks |
|
| week 12 |
| Change from athlete burnout questionnaire (ABQ) | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Marie et al., 2010) consisted of 15 questions assessing three dimensions of emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced exercise value, and exercise isolation using a 5-point Likert scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) show that the model fits well, and the specific indicators are as follows: Chi-square value χ² = 178.30, df = 87, p < 0.001, comparative fitting index (CFI) was 0.92, value-added fitting index (TLI) was 0.90, root mean square approximation (RMSEA) was 0.06, and standardized mean square residual (SRMR) was 0.05. These results indicate that ABQ has good structural validity and reliability and is suitable for evaluating the degree of burnout in athletes. | week 12 |
| Change from sport motivation scale-6 (SMS-6） | Sport Motivation Scale-6 (SMS-6; Mallet et al., 2007) consisted of 24 questions assessing three main dimensions: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and unmotivation, scored using a 7-point Likert scale. The total Cronbach's Alpha value of the questionnaire was 0.85. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the model was well fitted, with specific indicators as follows: Chi-square value χ² = 320.75, df = 216, p < 0.001, comparative fitting index (CFI) was 0.93, value-added fitting index (TLI) was 0.92, and root-mean-square error approximation (RMSEA) was 0.05. These results indicate that SMS-6 has good structural validity and reliability and is suitable for evaluating athletes' motivation. | week 12 |
| Change from Perceived Stress Questionnaire（PSQ） | Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ; Sanz et al., 2001) consisted of 30 questions to assess subjective feelings of stress, scored using a 4-point Likert scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) show that the model fits well, and the specific indicators are as follows: Chi-square value χ² = 450.65, df = 400, p < 0.001, comparative fitting index (CFI) was 0.91, value-added fitting index (TLI) was 0.90, root mean square approximation (RMSEA) was 0.04, and standardized mean square residual (SRMR) was 0.05. These results indicate that PSQ has good structural validity and reliability, and is suitable for assessing the subjective stress perception of individuals. | week 12 |
| Heart rate variability (HRV) Heart rate variability (HRV) | HRV data were collected using a heart rate variability (HRV) analyser. | week 12 |
| Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) | Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) data were collected using an oxygen saturation tester. | week 12 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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