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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Brain Canada | OTHER |
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The primary objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to test the feasibility (consent rate, retention rate, participant burden, adherence, technical issues, safety) and usability (system usability scale, SUS) of Omnidirectional treadmill Virtual Reality training (omni-VR) among chronic stroke survivors. Our secondary objective is to (1) estimate the extent to which cognition, brain activation during a dual task activity, walking ability, and dynamic balance change after 3 months of training among intervention participants (omni-VR) and traditional exercise controls, and (2) estimate the extent to which health-related quality of life and motivation co-evolve with our secondary outcomes.
Researchers will compare the intervention group and control group to evaluate the impact of omni-VR on cognition and physical function among stroke survivors.
Participants will:
Mounting data indicates that cognition plays a role in complex walking and balance. However, conventional intervention methods lack a sufficient incentive to encourage participants to adhere to the treatment. Further, it is difficult to provide a substantial amount of treatment to induce cortical reorganization.
Virtual reality or VR (a computer-generated simulation of 3-dimensional virtual environments that reacts in real time to the user's actions) has been introduced to neurorehabilitation to promote improvements in walking ability, balance, and cognition. It has also been demonstrated to be effective in improving motivation among stroke survivors and augmenting neuroplasticity.
Omnidirectional treadmill technology can be integrated with VR to allow for fully immersive rehabilitation. This novel and innovative technology mimics real-world environments and maximizes challenging cognitive and physical dual-tasking and balance activities while maintaining patient safety. However, no randomized trials have evaluated the impact of omnidirectional treadmill VR (Omni-VR) on cognitive and physical function among stroke survivors.
Therefore, our study aims to test the feasibility and usability of the Omni-VR. This pilot randomized control trial will also be the first study to test the feasibility and effect of a fully-immersive active omni-VR system among chronic stroke survivors
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Omni-VR group | Experimental | 20 participants will undergo 45-minute training sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks using omnidirectional virtual reality and treadmill training. |
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| Control group | Active Comparator | 10 participants will undergo 45-minute traditional physiotherapy training sessions including lower limb strengthening and unidirectional treadmill training 3 times per week for 12 weeks. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omnidirectional Virtual Reality and Treadmill Training | Device | Omni-VR forest scenario developed by our team involving real-life dual task walking and dynamic balance activities (ie. stepping over obstacles, and managing distractions) will be used for treatment group. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Consent rate | Consent rate is the percentage of eligible individuals who participate. The investigators expect a consent rate of at least 40%. | Baseline |
| Retention rate | Retention rate is the percentage of participants who complete the 12-week intervention. The investigators expect a retention rate of 80% for the intervention group. | 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Usability of the Omnidirectional Treadmill and Virtual Reality Game | Usability will be assessed by System Usability Scale (SUS) out of 100 points. The investigators expect a SUS score of 71 or higher among all participants. | 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Participant burden | Participant burden will be measured by the percentage of participants finishing assessments in 100 minutes or less. The investigators anticipate at least 85% of participants completing assessments within the time limit. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Adherence | Adherence will be measured by the exercise session attendance. The investigators expect the treatment group to attend 70% or more of the sessions. | 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Equipment downtime | The investigators will record any treadmill downtime due to VR technical issues. The targets are zero significant downtime in 85% of sessions. | 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Equipment safety |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive function | The investigators will use the Computerized MoCA [Montreal Cognitive Assessment] Duo to evaluate participants' cognitive function. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Executive Function |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Motivation of participant | The investigators will measure motivation by intrinsic motivation inventory. Higher scores indicate better results. | 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Health-related quality of life of participant |
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adria Quigley, PhD | Contact | 902-494-2734 | adriaquigley@dal.ca |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nova Scotia Rehabilitation & Arthritis Centre | Recruiting | Halifax | Nova Scotia | B3H 4K4 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Traditional Exercise | Behavioral | A traditional exercise program including strengthening and unidirectional treadmill activities for the same duration will be completed in control group. |
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The investigators will record any serious adverse events related to the study. The target is no serious adverse events related to the study |
| 12 weeks (study completion) |
The investigators will use the Dimensional Change Card Sort to evaluate participants' executive function.
| Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Working memory | The investigators will use the List Sorting Working Memory Test to evaluate participants' working memory. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Brain activation in prefrontal and premotor cortices | Brain activation using fNIRS [Functional near-infrared spectroscopy] in the prefrontal and premotor regions of interest during a single task (steady-state omnidirectional treadmill walking) and two cognitive-physical dual-task activities (simple dual-task: steady-state omnidirectional treadmill walking while repeating the same word and complex dual-task: steady-state omnidirectional treadmill walking while performing a verbal fluency test) | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Walking Speed | Walking speed using VIVE trackers on omnidirectional treadmill and overground | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Step cadence | The investigators will evaluate step cadence using the VIVE trackers. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Step width | The investigators will evaluate step width using the VIVE trackers. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Step length | The investigators will evaluate step length using the VIVE trackers. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| Dynamic balance | The investigators will measure the static sway with feet together using omni-VR system and use MINI-BESTest to measure the dynamic balance. | Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
The investigators will measure health-related quality of life by the Stroke Impact Scale-3.0. Higher scores indicate better results.
| Baseline and 12 weeks (study completion) |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |