Efficacy of Semi-rigid Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Efficacy of Semi-rigid Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones: a Randomized Controlled Trial

The efficacy of Ho: YAG and TFL combined with semirigid ureteroscopic treatment of proximal ureteral stones will be compared.

The target population of this study is patients with proximal ureteral stones who are scheduled to undergo semirigid ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. After enrollment, the subjects will be randomly assigned to the semirigid ureteroscopic holmium laser (Ho: YAG) lithotripsy group and the semirigid ureteroscopic thulium fiber laser (TFL) lithotripsy group for surgical treatment. The subjects will be followed up after surgery, and the collected data will be summarized and analyzed after the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ≥18 years old;
2. patients diagnosed with unilateral proximal ureteral stones ≤2cm by computed tomography (CT)/Kidney and upper bladder (KUB) radiography who required surgery;
3. patients who volunteered to participate in this study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to give informed consent;
2. Untreated urinary tract infection;
3. Pregnant women;
4. Known anatomical abnormalities (such as urinary diversion or ureteral stenosis);
5. Urothelial tumors, transplanted kidney stones, irreversible coagulopathy;
6. The semi-rigid ureteroscope cannot reach the stone site, ureteroscopy-negative stones, and stones can be removed directly without laser lithotripsy;
7. The researchers believe that they are not suitable for participation in this study.