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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| California School-Based Health Alliance | OTHER |
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The Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension Curriculum is a free, online curriculum developed to educate students and provide them with resources to quit tobacco/nicotine use. The investigation aims to estimate the extent to which Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension changes high school student's knowledge of, attitudes towards, intentions to use, and actual use of tobacco/nicotine.
Youth who use tobacco/nicotine products on school campuses are often detained, suspended, or expelled. Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension is an online curriculum that uses principles of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy, incorporating a restorative practice and trauma-informed lens.
The goals of the study are three-fold: (1) Assess changes in the perspectives of school administrators, educators, counselors, and health staff around the feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness of implementing Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension as an appropriate and effective response to tobacco use on campus (including versus suspension or expulsion); (2) Assess high school students' acceptability and perceptions of Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension; and (3) Estimate the extent to which Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension changes high school students' knowledge of, attitudes towards, intentions/susceptibility to use, and actual use of tobacco/nicotine products. The Stanford REACH Lab and California School-Based Health Alliance (CSHA) will partner to evaluate Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension using a school-based randomized waitlist-controlled trial in 20 high schools in California (n = 10 Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension treatment schools and 10 control schools).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford REACH Lab Healthy Futures Curriculum | Experimental | At the start of Year 1, schools will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive 'Stanford REACH Lab's Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension Curriculum' or 'delay-in-treatment (standard of care)'. Students in these schools who are found using tobacco/nicotine or who want to quit these products will be administered the Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension curriculum for 3 years. |
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| Delay In Treatment | Experimental | At the start of Year 1, schools will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive 'Stanford REACH Lab's Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension Curriculum' or 'delay-in-treatment (standard of care).' Schools in this arm will receive a standard of care for one year. After year 1, the delay-in-treatment group will crossover to receive 'Stanford REACH Lab's Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension Curriculum until year 3 (receive intervention for years 2 and 3). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension Curriculum | Behavioral | Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension Curriculum uses a trauma-informed and restorative practice lens and uses principles of motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help students understand the harms of nicotine, reduce stress, increase positive coping, and provide resources to quit. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in tobacco/nicotine use | Investigator-originated survey measures (questions) ever tobacco/nicotine use and past 30-day tobacco/nicotine use. All students in both arms will be asked to complete a survey at baseline (just before treatment), follow-up 1 (immediately post-intervention), follow-up 2 (6 months after completing intervention), and so on every 6 months for 2.5 years of the study. | Baseline, follow-up 1 (following intervention at one year), follow-up 2 (6 months post-intervention), follow-up 3 (6 months past follow-up 2), and follow-up 4 (6 months past follow-up 3) up to 2.5 years of the study. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in intention of tobacco/nicotine use scale score | Participants will self-report changes in their intention/susceptibility to use tobacco/nicotine products using a validated four-point scale in a survey. This survey measures changes in intention to use tobacco/nicotine with questions related to the participant's knowledge of and resistance to the use of tobacco/nicotine products. Susceptibility is measured by the following questions:
Response options for all three questions included a four-point scale: "Definitely yes," "Probably yes," "Probably not," and "Definitely not." |
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Inclusion criteria for schools
Inclusion criteria for participants Adolescents, aged 14-18, from grades 9-12, who are agreeable to participate in the study and provide assent.
Exclusion Criteria:
Adolescents, aged 14-18 years, from grades 9-12 who do not speak English.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, Ph.D | Stanford University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford University | Palo Alto | California | 94304 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020340 | Tobacco Use Cessation |
| D016739 | Behavior, Addictive |
| D064424 | Tobacco Use |
| D000072137 | Vaping |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D003192 | Compulsive Behavior |
| D007175 | Impulsive Behavior |
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Employs a step-wedged design that involves delay-of-treatment for the control group. Prognostic blocks of schools will be assigned to treatment (10 schools) versus delay-in-treatment (10 schools) in Year 1 of the intervention. In Years 2 and 3, the 10 schools that served as "control" schools will cross over and implement the Healthy Futures: Alternative-to-Suspension intervention.
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| Baseline, follow-up 1 (following intervention at one year), follow-up 2 (6 months post intervention), follow-up 3 (6 months past follow-up 2), and follow-up 4 (6 months past follow-up 3) up to 2.5 years of the study. |
| D012907 |
| Smoking |