This is a single-arm, prospective, exploratory phase II clinical study. The study enrolled newly diagnosed stage T1-3N0-1M0 resectable limited-stage small cell lung cancer. Adebrelimab combined with chemotherapy for 4 cycles and apatinib mesylate for 3 cycles. Surgery was performed within 4-8 weeks after the above treatment (the operation was performed 4 weeks after apatinib was discontinued). According to the results of MDT discussion, adebrelimab combined with apatinib mesylate combined with or without radiotherapy was started 4 weeks after surgery. Preoperative prophylactic radiotherapy (PCI) is recommended for patients with preoperative stage N1. Patients with postoperative stage N1 received postoperative thoracic radiotherapy.

Preoperative prophylactic radiotherapy (PCI) is recommended for patients with preoperative stage N1. Patients with postoperative stage N1 received postoperative thoracic radiotherapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 and 75 years old;
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed limited-stage small cell lung cancer (T1-3N0-1M0).
• All lesions of the patient (including the primary lesion, lymph nodes/lesions assessed as metastatic) must be jointly evaluated and confirmed as resectable by a surgeon, a radiation oncologist, and a radiologist;
• The subject must have measurable target lesions (according to RECIST 1.1 criteria);
• ECOG performance status score of 0-1;
• No history of other malignancies;
• No previous treatment for small cell lung cancer-related surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or other anti-tumor treatments;
• The patient must have adequate cardiopulmonary function: the patient's FEV1 and DLCO are both ≥50% of the predicted value, echocardiography shows LVEF ≥55%, and no clear signs of heart failure, severe coronary artery stenosis, etc., are seen on various tests, and the cardiopulmonary function is assessed by a surgeon as being able to tolerate surgical treatment;
• The levels of important organ functions must meet the following requirements: a. Bone marrow: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×10^9/L, platelets ≥100×10^9/L, hemoglobin ≥9 g/dl; b. Good coagulation function: defined as international normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) ≤1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); c. Liver: Total bilirubin ≤1.5 times the upper limit of normal, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5 times the upper limit of normal; d. Kidney: Serum creatinine ≤1.25 times the upper limit of normal or creatinine clearance (calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula) ≥60 ml/min;
• Males with reproductive capacity and women of childbearing age must agree to use effective contraception from the time of signing the main informed consent form until 180 days after the last administration of the study drug. Women of childbearing age include pre-menopausal women and post-menopausal women within 2 years. The pregnancy test result of women of childbearing age must be negative within ≤7 days before the first administration of the study drug;
• Voluntarily participate in clinical research; fully understand and be informed about this study and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability to completely remove all lesions through surgery;
• Received anti-tumor treatment for SCLC (including but not limited to chemotherapy, radiotherapy of the lesion area).
• Previously used immunocheckpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for treatment.
• Any history of active autoimmune diseases or autoimmune diseases (such as uveitis, enteritis, hepatitis, pituitary inflammation, vasculitis, myocarditis, nephritis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism (can be included after hormone replacement therapy), tuberculosis); patients with childhood asthma that has completely resolved and does not require any intervention in adulthood or vitiligo can be included, but patients requiring medical intervention with bronchodilators are not eligible for inclusion;
• Have congenital or acquired immune system deficiencies, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, active hepatitis B (HBV DNA ≥ 500 IU/ml), hepatitis C (positive for hepatitis C antibodies and HCV-RNA is above the lower limit of detection of the analytical method) or co-infection with both hepatitis B and C;
• Existence of uncontrollable third-space effusions, such as a large amount of pleural effusion or ascites or pericardial effusion;
• Subjects who need systemic treatment with corticosteroids (>10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) or other immunosuppressants within 14 days before the first administration of the drug. Inhaled or topical corticosteroids are allowed, as well as adrenal hormone replacement therapy with a dose >10 mg/day prednisone equivalent, in the absence of active autoimmune diseases;
• Subjects who have been treated with anti-tumor vaccines or other immunostimulatory anti-tumor drugs (interferons, interleukins, thymosin, immune cell therapy, etc.) within 1 month before the first administration of the drug;
• Currently participating in other interventional clinical studies;
• Evidence of previous or current pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, radiation pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonia, and severe lung function impairment;
• Patients with severe heart disease, such as congestive heart failure grade III or above (NYHA standard), or angina grade III or above (CCS standard), or a history of myocardial infarction within 6 months before treatment initiation, or arrhythmias requiring drug treatment;
• Major surgery, open biopsy, or significant trauma within 28 days before enrollment;
• Known history of allogeneic organ transplantation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women; patients with fertility who are unwilling or unable to take effective contraceptive measures;
• Known allergic reactions, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to the study drug;
• Hypertension that cannot be well controlled with antihypertensive drug treatment (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg);
• Abnormal coagulation function (INR > 2.0 or prothrombin time (PT) > 16s), with a tendency to bleed or currently undergoing thrombolysis or anticoagulant treatment (preventive use of low-dose aspirin, low molecular weight heparin is allowed);
• Significant clinical bleeding symptoms within the last 3 months or a clear tendency to bleed, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, bleeding gastric ulcers, or patients with vasculitis, etc., if the baseline fecal occult blood is positive, it can be retested, and if it is still positive after retesting, an endoscopy is required (except for those who have undergone endoscopy within 3 months and before the baseline period to rule out such conditions);
• Arterial/venous thrombotic events within the last 6 months, such as cerebrovascular accidents (including transient ischemic attacks, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction), deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism;
• Known genetic or acquired bleeding and thrombotic tendencies (such as hemophilia, coagulation disorders, thrombocytopenia, etc.). Other conditions deemed unsuitable for participating in the study by the researcher.