The primary aim of this study is to explore the impact of a 20-minute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control, microvascular diameters, and brain function. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. Is there a correlation among the level of physical activity, performance in inhibitory control, and the diameter of retinal microvasculature, and do retinal microcirculation parameters mediate this relationship?
2. Does short-term aerobic exercise (moderate and high intensity) improve inhibitory control and physiological markers, such as retinal diameter and frontal brain activation, compared to a sedentary control group?

Inclusion Criteria:

• right-handed (how was handedness assessed; i.e., "What hand do you write with?") with normal or corrected-to-normal vision and normal color vision

Exclusion Criteria:

• reported a history of cardiovascular, metabolic, gastrointestinal, neurological, or psychiatric disorders, medical conditions requiring medical care, substance addiction, strict diets (e.g., low- carbohydrate and Mediterranean diet), pregnancy, or lactation.