Received the empowerment program based on the BASNEF model

received the routine care

Initially, the researcher established rapport with children of both groups and their gradians, screened them for the eligibility criteria, explained the aim of the study, the duration and nature of the training sessions, and obtained informed assent. The researcher established the session objectives and learning activities and prepared the learning materials. The researchers also prepared the learning environment. The Empowerment program is implemented in accordance with the BANCEF model for behavior transformation into four educational sessions. After the intervention, children's nail-biting knowledge, practice, attitude, and self-efficacy were reassessed.

It includes ten questions about nail biting revolving around the definition (2 items), predisposing factors (2 items), complications and adverse effects (3 items), and management (3 items). A score of (1) was given for the correct answer and zero for the incorrect one.

It includes ten items describing the children's nail-biting habit, including frequency and duration (2 items), aggravating factors (2 items), areas involved in nail-biting (3 items), and description of nail-biting behavior (3 items). They are instructed to self-monitor their nail-biting behaviors on five a 5-point Likert scale ranging from very frequent (4) to never (0).

It consists of 13 items; 10 items measure the child's attitude, and three items assess their intention to act (self-efficacy). Children were asked to rate their answers on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from Strongly Agree (4) to (0) Strongly Disagree.

The questionnaire includes ten yes/No questions divided into two categories. The subjective norms category consists of 8 items describing the external factors that influence children either to increase or quit their nails