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The thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block is suggested to potentially affect the stellate ganglion, a key component of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby influencing autonomic functions. Changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) are used as indicators of intracranial pressure changes. This study aims to investigate the effects of the ESP block on ONSD, providing insights into its impact on the stellate ganglion and enhancing the understanding of the ESP block's safety and efficacy.
The thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a regional anesthesia technique. This technique involves the injection of local anesthetics into the deep layers of the erector spinae muscles, blocking both somatic and visceral pain pathways. Although various studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of this technique in different clinical situations over the years, further research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms behind its neuroanatomical effects.
The stellate ganglion, an important component of the sympathetic nervous system, plays a crucial role in the regulation of several autonomic functions. It has been suggested that the ESP block may affect the stellate ganglion through its injection at the upper thoracic levels. Changes in the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) have been used as an important indicator of intracranial pressure changes. Any potential changes in ONSD following stellate ganglion blockade could help elucidate the effects of the ESP block, thus aiding in the understanding of its safety and potential benefits for analgesia.
The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in optic nerve sheath diameter in patients undergoing the thoracic ESP block, which could provide more information on the impact of the ESP block on the stellate ganglion. By doing so, we aim to gain further insights into the potential analgesic effects and safety of the ESP block.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients Undergoing Thoracic Erector Spinae Plane Block | The study focuses on a cohort of adult patients who are receiving the thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block for pain management. These patients include individuals experiencing pain in the shoulder, arm, or neck, as well as those with complex regional pain syndrome. The patients are generally healthy adults, categorized under ASA I-II (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System). The primary aim of the study is to observe changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) following the ESP block and to investigate the potential impact on the stellate ganglion. Data will be collected through clinical examinations and ultrasound performed before and after the ESP block procedure. The study aims to enhance understanding of the ESP block's safety and potential autonomic effects. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block | Procedure | The thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a regional anesthesia technique used for pain management in complex regional pain syndrome. This procedure involves injecting 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine into the deep layers of the erector spinae muscles. The patient is positioned appropriately, and the injection site is identified using anatomical landmarks and ultrasound guidance, at the T2 level. A needle is then inserted perpendicularly until it contacts the transverse process, at which point the local anesthetic is administered. The primary objective is to provide significant pain relief. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) | To investigate the change in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) following the thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block. | Before the block and 30 minutes after the block. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain relief Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a tool for measuring pain intensity, using a line marked with "no pain" (0) at one end and "worst pain imaginable" (10) at the other. Patients mark a point on the line that reflects their pain level, and the distance from the "no pain" end to the mark is recorded as the VAS score. This straightforward, subjective measure provides a quantitative assessment of pain, useful for tracking changes over time, evaluating treatment effectiveness, and enhancing communication between patients and healthcare providers. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
The study will include 15 adult patients who are planned to receive T2-ESP block treatment.
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study will include 15 adult patients who are planned to receive T2-ESP block treatment.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ismet çopur, MD | Contact | 05318469060 | 90 | cpr.ismet@gmail.com |
| seher Ä°lhan, Ass. prof | Contact | 5326061086 | 90 | seheri@pau.edu.tr |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33403545 | Result | Chin KJ, El-Boghdadly K. Mechanisms of action of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth. 2021 Mar;68(3):387-408. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01875-2. Epub 2021 Jan 6. | |
| 26321806 | Result | Shirodkar CG, Munta K, Rao SM, Mahesh MU. Correlation of measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter using ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2015 Aug;19(8):466-70. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.162465. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020918 | Complex Regional Pain Syndromes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001342 | Autonomic Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010268 | Parapsychology |
| D003766 | Dental Occlusion |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001525 | Behavioral Sciences |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D009063 | Dental Physiological Phenomena |
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| Pain levels will be assessed using the VAS before the block, 30 minutes after the block, and 24 hours later to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. |
| Monitoring of Perfusion Index (PI) | The perfusion index (PI) is a numerical value that reflects the pulsatile blood flow in peripheral tissues, measured non-invasively using a pulse oximeter. It indicates the strength of the blood flow at the sensor site, providing valuable information about peripheral perfusion. | All perfusion index (PI) values will be measured at 3-minute intervals using 2 pulse oximeter sensors on both the blocked and contralateral unblocked upper extremities up to 30 minutes after local anesthetic injection. |
| 36274253 | Result | Kim E, Lim JA, Choi CH, Lee SY, Kwak S, Kim J. Assessment of the changes in cardiac sympathetic nervous activity using the pupil size changes measured in seated patients whose stellate ganglion is blocked by interscalene brachial plexus block. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2023 Apr;76(2):116-127. doi: 10.4097/kja.22324. Epub 2022 Oct 24. |
| 25955869 | Result | Maissan IM, Dirven PJ, Haitsma IK, Hoeks SE, Gommers D, Stolker RJ. Ultrasonographic measured optic nerve sheath diameter as an accurate and quick monitor for changes in intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg. 2015 Sep;123(3):743-7. doi: 10.3171/2014.10.JNS141197. Epub 2015 May 8. |
| 25747936 | Result | Kim MS, Yoon KB, Yoon DM, Kim DH. Effect of cervical sympathetic block on optic nerve sheath diameter measured by ultrasonography. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015 Jun;41(6):1599-604. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.01.025. Epub 2015 Mar 5. |
| 31107261 | Result | Dautzenberg KHW, Zegers MJ, Bleeker CP, Tan ECTH, Vissers KCP, van Geffen GJ, van der Wal SEI. Unpredictable Injectate Spread of the Erector Spinae Plane Block in Human Cadavers. Anesth Analg. 2019 Nov;129(5):e163-e166. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004187. |
| 34902105 | Result | Forero M, Peng P, Chan P. Horner syndrome following high thoracic erector spinae plane block. Can J Anaesth. 2022 Mar;69(3):400-401. doi: 10.1007/s12630-021-02177-x. Epub 2021 Dec 13. No abstract available. |
| 30660341 | Result | Elkoundi A, Eloukkal Z, Bensghir M, Belyamani L. Priapism following erector spinae plane block for the treatment of a complex regional pain syndrome. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Apr;37(4):796.e3-796.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.012. Epub 2019 Jan 11. |
| 38285034 | Result | Hong JH, Park JH, Park KB, Lee JY. Sympatholytic Effect of the High Thoracic Erector Spinae Plane Block. Pain Physician. 2024 Jan;27(1):43-49. |
| D055688 | Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena |