The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if intraoperative music stimulation works to alleviate perioperative pain in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. It will also learn about the possible mechanisms by how music affects pain.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does music lower the number of times participants need to use a rescue analgesic? What changes occur in electroencephalogram (EEG) and nociception monitors when participants listen to music? Researchers will compare music to mute or control (hear ambient sounds without earphones) to see if music works to alleviate perioperative pain.

Participants will listen music or mute or ambient sounds throughout the operation, and receive routine anesthesia care.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Older than 20 years old and younger than 80 years old
• male or female
• Scheduled for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy)
• Ambulatory surgery
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I~III

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe hearing impairment
• Severe pulmonary or cardiovascular disease
• Brain or central nervous system (CNS) disorder
• Long-term systemic steroid or daily morphine treatment
• Pregnant women
• Emergency surgery
• The absence of informed consent