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This study aims to investigate whether self-compassion is associated with older adult's quality of life after a diagnosis of dementia, and whether perceived threat posed by dementia mediates this relationship. Self-compassion has been found to be positive in supporting individuals in times of difficulty, in adjustment processes and older adults' wellbeing. While different factors have begun to be identified which are associated with individuals' psychological wellbeing and adjustment following a dementia diagnosis, little is known about the influence of self-compassion.
Participants will be recruited via NHS memory clinics, Join Dementia Research and from the community via third-sector organisations. Individuals will be invited to attend a Microsoft Teams/telephone appointment in which informed consent and cognitive screening processes will take place at the start. Eligible participants will then be invited to continue to complete measures administered by a researcher and an interview question. Participants will be offered the opportunity to complete the measures in a second session (within 8 weeks) or using the online survey software, Qualtrics, if preferred.
A small pilot study (n = 5) will take place prior to the main study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 'High self-compassion' group | Participants' total mean score on the Self-compassion Scale - Short Form will be used as the independent variable. A median split (+/-1 standard error of the median) on the Self-compassion Scale - Short Form will be used to retrospectively allocate participants to groups, with participants scoring ≥ + 1 standard error of the median on the Self-compassion Scale - Short Form allocated to a 'High self-compassion' group. | ||
| 'Low self-compassion' group | Participants' total mean score on the Self-compassion Scale - Short Form will be used as the independent variable. A median split (+/-1 standard error of the median) on the Self-compassion Scale - Short Form will be used to retrospectively allocate participants to groups, with participants scoring ≤ - 1 standard error of the median on the Self-compassion Scale - Short Form allocated to a 'Low self-compassion' group. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease | The Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease consists of 13 items relating to different aspects of quality of life, such as mood, physical health, friends and ability to do things for fun. Each item is scored from 1 ('poor') to 4 ('excellent') to calculate a total score. | Through study completion, average 40-60 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Stress Appraisal Measure | The Stress Appraisal Measure consists of 28 items pertaining to perceived future threat, measured across seven subscales; three referring to primary appraisals of threat, centrality and challenge, three relating to secondary appraisal - controllable by self, controllable by others and uncontrollable), and stressfulness. Only the threat and 'stressfulness' subscales, consisting of four items respectively, will be completed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-compassion Scale - Short Form | The Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form consists of 12 items relating to six subscales (self-judgement, self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, isolation and over-identification), with each item scored from 1 ('almost never') to 5 ('almost always') and three items reverse-scored. The Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form is a shortened version of the Self-Compassion Scale. It is recommended utilising a total mean score calculated using the subscale mean scores, and this will be adopted in the current study to form the independent variable. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The participant sample is anticipated to comprise NHS patients who have been seen in memory clinic and individuals recruited from the community.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust | Oxford | Oxfordshire | OX3 7JX | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Neff, K. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity(2), 223-250. | ||
| Background | Neff, K. (2022). Self-Compassion Scale - Short-Form (SCS-SF) Information. https://self-compassion.org/self-compassion-scales-for-researchers/ | ||
| 7612321 | Background | van Marwijk HW, Wallace P, de Bock GH, Hermans J, Kaptein AA, Mulder JD. Evaluation of the feasibility, reliability and diagnostic value of shortened versions of the geriatric depression scale. Br J Gen Pract. 1995 Apr;45(393):195-9. | |
| Background | Peacock, E. J., & Wong, P. T. (1990). The stress appraisal measure (SAM): A multidimensional approach to cognitive appraisal. Stress medicine, 6(3), 227-236. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
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| Through study completion, average 40-60 minutes |
| Geriatric Depression Scale - 10 | The Geriatric Depression Scale - 10, consisting of 10 items relating to how the person has felt over the past week (e.g. 'do you feel happy most of the time?'), has good reliability (α = 0.75), sensitivity and specificity. The Geriatric Depression Scale -10 is considered a reliable screening measure for major depression in older adults. | Through study completion, average 40-60 minutes |
| Through study completion, average 40-60 minutes |
| Background | Logsdon, R. G., Gibbons, L. E., McCurry, S. M., & Teri, L. (1999). Quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: patient and caregiver reports. Journal of Mental health and Aging, 5, 21-32 |
| 21584907 | Background | Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8. |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |