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Metabolic disorders that can occur during pregnancy, in particular disorders of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, can have a detrimental effect on pregnancy and the fetus.
The triglyceride level and other lipids increase slightly during pregnancy. This increase has a positive effect on the development of the fetus. However, an excessive increase in lipid levels can cause some metabolic disorders such as gestational diabetes and increase feto-maternal morbidity/mortality.
While some existing studies have shown that elevated triglyceride levels can cause fetal macrosomia, others have found no correlation between these two variables. The ratio of triglycerides to HDL is a widely used marker for lipid disorders. In addition, the triglyceride-glucose index is also an index used to detect insulin resistance.
In this study, the investigators aimed to investigate whether the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the triglyceride glucose index are associated with fetal macrosomia in low-risk nulliparous pregnant women.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study group | women with macrosomic newborns |
| |
| Control group | women with non-macrosomic newborns |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TyG index | Other | association between TyG index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with fetal macrosomia |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The TyG index | The triglyceride-glucose index was determined using the formula Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg (dL)/2], with blood samples taken from pregnant women in the third trimester. | between 28 and 40 weeks of pregnancy |
| The triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio | The triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was calculated from the blood samples taken from pregnant women in the third trimester. | between 28 and 40 weeks of pregnancy |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR | HOMA-IR was calculated according to the formula: fasting insulin (microU/L) x fasting glucose (nmol/L)/22.5 with blood samples taken from pregnant women in the third trimester. | between 28 and 40 weeks of pregnancy |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
pregnant women
The singleton pregnant women who delivered a macrosomic newborn were included in the study group (Group I) and the singleton pregnant women who delivered a non-macrosomic fetus were included in the control group (Group II). For each pregnant woman who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and was eligible for Group I, the first patient in the ranking order of the files who met the criteria previously mentioned in the Materials and Methods section was selected for Group II.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yaprak Engin-Ustun, Prof | Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Education and Research Hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara Etlik City Hospital | Ankara | Yenimahalle | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31856124 | Result | Macrosomia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 216. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jan;135(1):e18-e35. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003606. | |
| 30158976 | Result | Poveda NE, Garces MF, Darghan AE, Jaimes SAB, Sanchez EP, Diaz-Cruz LA, Garzon-Olivares CD, Parra-Pineda MO, Bautista-Charry AA, Muller EA, Alzate HFS, Acosta LMM, Sanchez E, Ruiz-Parra AI, Caminos JE. Triglycerides/Glucose and Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Indices in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2018 Aug 6;2018:8956404. doi: 10.1155/2018/8956404. eCollection 2018. |
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Data are available on request only due to ethical, legal or commercial reasons
one or two months
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |
| D006949 | Hyperlipidemias |
| D005320 | Fetal Macrosomia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| D016640 | Diabetes, Gestational |
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Singleton nulliparous pregnant women who had performed an oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation with a result of less than 140 mg/dL had blood samples taken at 8:00 am on the first visit to the outpatient clinic in the third trimester after an 8-hour fasting state
|
| 31404127 | Result | Babic N, Valjevac A, Zaciragic A, Avdagic N, Zukic S, Hasic S. The Triglyceride/HDL Ratio and Triglyceride Glucose Index as Predictors of Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Med Arch. 2019 Jun;73(3):163-168. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.163-168. |
| 30510652 | Result | Barat S, Ghanbarpour A, Bouzari Z, Batebi Z. Triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio and risk for gestational diabetes and birth of a large-for-gestational-age newborn. Caspian J Intern Med. 2018 Fall;9(4):368-375. doi: 10.22088/cjim.9.4.368. |
| 39962459 | Derived | Firatligil FB, Tuncdemir S, Sucu S, Reis YA, Ozkan S, Dereli ML, Sucu ST, Engin-Ustun Y. Association of the triglyceride-glucose index and the ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with fetal macrosomia in nulliparous pregnant women: a prospective case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Feb 17;25(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07317-5. |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D005315 | Fetal Diseases |
| D011254 | Pregnancy in Diabetics |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001724 | Birth Weight |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |