The goal of this observational study is to assess the effect of living alone on total hip arthroplasty thirty-day outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Is living alone associated with discharge disposition (home versus non-home)? Is living alone associated with greater incidences of secondary adverse events?

Participants will be sampled from the 2021 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Inclusion Criteria:

• Elective, non-emergent cases
• Living alone
• Living with others

Exclusion Criteria:

• Fracture in surgical diagnosis
• Hospital admission >1 day preoperatively
• End-stage renal disease (preoperative)
• Metastatic disease (preoperative)
• Sepsis (preoperative)
• Bleeding diathesis (preoperative)
• American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification 5

Elective total hip arthroplasty patients, ACS-NSQIP 2021

American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP are the source of the data used herein. The Participant Use Data File (PUF) is a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant data file containing cases submitted to the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program®. To request a copy of the PUF, individuals (data recipients) must agree to comply with the terms and conditions set forth in the Data Use Agreement, provide contact information, and complete a short online questionnaire. Once the information provided by the data recipient is received and processed by ACS NSQIP staff, a website address will be submitted electronically to the data recipient. The data recipient will then have 10 days (240 hours) to visit the website and download the data file.