Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Fixation of Osteochondral Fragments With Reasorbable Screws in the Knee Joint

Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Fixation of Osteochondral Fragments With Reasorbable Screws in the Knee Joint

Various techniques for the fixation of unstable osteochondral fragments have been used over the years, each with associated advantages and disadvantages, and differing clinical outcomes. However, the literature on the treatment of this type of injury in the adolescent and young adult population is scarce and involves small case series. Failure to treat these injuries can lead to serious consequences such as chronic pain, residual joint stiffness, and the development of early osteoarthritis, necessitating more invasive and burdensome interventions for the national health system, such as prosthetic replacements or osteotomies.

Due to the lack of real consensus within the scientific community regarding the ideal treatment for these patients and the insufficient medium/long-term follow-up data on the effects of these injuries on articular cartilage in young patients, this study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological conditions of patients undergoing osteochondral fragment fixation using the same surgical technique (fixation with resorbable screws performed arthroscopically or via open surgery depending on the lesion's location) in order to clarify preventive measures against cartilage degeneration following these injuries, which are very common in adolescence.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing surgical fixation of osteochondral fragment using resorbable screw technique, either arthroscopically or via mini-open procedure depending on the lesion's location, from 01/01/2017, and all new patients eligible for this type of intervention until 31/12/2025.
2. Patients aged between 12 and 35 years at the time of the surgical intervention.
3. Patients with the presence of osteochondral fragments confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.
4. Patients with osteochondral lesions observed on imaging and symptoms attributable to the presence of osteochondral fragments.
5. Patients diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans or recent contusion/sprain trauma.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with concomitant complex ligamentous injuries or fractures at the time of the intervention;
2. Patients who are no longer reachable;
3. Women of childbearing age who cannot exclude pregnancy;
4. Patients who are unable to provide informed consent or patients who are unwilling to sign the informed consent form.