Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effect of a stress ball on pain, anxiety and physiological parameters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients on non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV).
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy used in NIMV reduces the need for IMV in COPD patients and shortens hospital stays. Negative states resulting from the difficulty of treatment lead to increased pain and anxiety in patients and negative results in vital signs. There is a need for non-invasive, low-cost and easy-to-use methods that can be used by nurses to address these problems in patients. This study will investigate the effect of a stress ball on changes in pain, anxiety and vital signs in patients diagnosed with COPD and receiving CPAP treatment during treatment. The stress ball will be applied to the patients during two consecutive CPAP treatments and pain, anxiety scores and vital signs will be measured.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| interventional | Experimental | group applying the stress ball during the CPAP procedure |
|
| control | No Intervention | The group in which no intervention was carried out and the routine care was provided by the nurses during the CPAP procedure |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| stress ball | Other | Patients squeeze the stress ball |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| face anxiety scale | Developed in 2003, the Facial Anxiety Scale is a measurement tool in which patients self-report their anxiety levels and is 11 × 42 cm in size. It consists of five face shapes, the leftmost facial expression indicates the absence of anxiety, while the level of anxiety increases towards the right (scored between 0-5). According to the Facial Anxiety Scale, a score of 3 and above by the patients indicates that the level of anxiety is at medium and high levels. | Change in anxiety score at the beginning of the intervention and 1 hour later |
| Visual Analogue Scale (Pain) Visual analog scale (VAS) | Visual analog scale is used to convert parameters that cannot be measured numerically into a numerical value. For pain, '0: I have no pain and 10: I have unbearable/severe pain' is written on one end of a 100 mm line and the patient marks his/her current condition on this line. | Change in pain score at the beginning of the intervention and 1 hour later |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | the effect of the intervention on systolic blood pressure is examined | at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention |
| diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kafkas University | Kars | Merkez | 36000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D029424 | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008173 | Lung Diseases, Obstructive |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
Not provided
Not provided
Block randomisation will be used to ensure that the number of patients in each group is balanced. Patients will be divided into two groups, each group consisting of at least 30 people, by a statistician who is not involved in the study, using a table of random numbers.
Not provided
Not provided
In the study, blinding will be performed only in the assignment-randomisation to groups and statistical analysis of the results.
the effect of the intervention on diastolic blood pressure is examined
| at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention |
| SpO2-peripheral oxygen saturation (%) | the effect of the intervention on peripheral oxygen saturation is examined | at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention |
| respiratory rate (minute value) | the effect of the intervention on respiratory rate is examined | at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention |
| heart rate (minute value) | the effect of the intervention on heart rate is examined | at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention |
| D020969 |
| Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |