3D Printing Models in Surgical Planning of Osteotomies in Kienbock´s Disease Stages II-III

3D Printing Models and Personalized Guides in Surgical Planning of Shortening, Wedge and Dorsolateral Biplane Closing Osteotomies in Kienbock´s Disease Stages II and III.

Ischemic necrosis of lunate bone, osteonecrosis or Kienböck´s disease was described by Kienböck in 1910. Numerous surgical procedures for this disease had been proposed. These surgical options, that depends of the radiological stage and anatomical risk factors, can be classified into lunate unloading procedures, lunate revascularization, replacement procedures and salvage procedures. These procedures, except the salvage procedures, has been successful in reconstructing and maintaining the height of the carpus, avoiding progression of the disease and with reduction of the pain.

The lunate unloading procedures are surgical treatments that make a radial osteotomy for modify differents anatomical risk factors associated with the osteonecrosis.

The anatomical factors associated with Kienböck´s disease are morphology of the lunate type I by Antuña-Zapico, cubitus minus, radial inclination angle greater than 23º, and little coverage of the lunate by the radius.

The types of radial osteotomy for Kienböck´s disease stages II, IIIA, IIIB or IIIC, depends to the anatomy of the patient and its anatomical risk factors. For patients with cubitus minus the indication is usually a radial shortening osteotomy. For patients with zero variant and an increase in the radial inclination angle the indication is usually a closed wedge radial osteotomy. The dorsolateral biplane radial osteotomy is used for zero variant cases such as a modification of the technique proposed by Nakamura et and Miura et al. It decompresses the lunate on the frontal plane and reduces dorsal radiolunate impingement on hyperextension. Dorsolateral radial osteotomy ensures a reduction of the radial inclination angle and a corresponding lunate decompression on the anteroposterior and sagittal plane.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Kienbock´s disease in the wrist estages II, IIIA, IIIB or IIIC by Lichtman classification

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pre-radiological stages-Lichtman stage I
• Radiocarpal and midcarpal osteoarthrosis, Lichtman stage IV
• Kienböck in children: less than 18 years
• Adults years greater than 85 years old