A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of non-indwelling catheter and indwelling catheter in relieving postoperative catheter-related complications after ureteroscopic lithotripsy. By comparing the pain score and urination urgency score (PPIUS) of patients after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (including flexible ureteroscopy) lithotripsy to provide a reliable scientific basis for indwelling catheter after ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with upper urinary tract calculi undergoing rigid ureteroscopic and soft ureteroscopic lithotripsy;
• Normal renal function;
• Aged between 18 and 70 years old
• Complete the operation under general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Solitary kidney;
• Previous history of renal transplantation or urinary diversion;
• Congenital malformation of urinary system;
• Abnormal coagulation mechanism due to blood system diseases, liver diseases, etc.
• Severe heart or lung disease, Malignant tumor and immunodeficiency state
• Urethral stricture
• Neurogenic bladder
• Operation under epidural anesthesia or spinal anesthesia
• Large amount of bleeding during operation should be observed by indwelling catheter to observe urine color
• High risk factors such as large amount of pus fur should be observed during operation.
• Urethral injury during operation leads to false passage
• Operation time is more than 90 minutes. Higher risk of bleeding or infection

After the trial is completed, it is shared on the network platform: China Clinical trial Registration Center; website: http://www.chictr.org.cn

After the trial is completed,