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This study focuses on Dual Task Training as daily living involves many dual task conditions, in which a person requires to do two or more tasks at same time. without the ability to carry out these types of Dual movements. This study aims to improve the ability to do two tasks at same time, targeted to decrease the risk of fall in stroke patients. This study helps in understanding how multiple tasks simultaneously affects patients' abilities and creating effectiveness programs.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the stroke as a brain injury that causes rapid and noticeable changes in cerebral function, lasting 24 hours or longer, or resulting in death. Strokes can be caused by vascular issues and include cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke is a syndrome characterized by acute neurological deficits caused by vascular injury in the central nervous system. It's a major cause of disability and mortality globally, resulting from various risk factors, diseases, and mechanisms. Dual-task training refers to the ability to simultaneously perform multiple cognitive and motor activities while maintaining postural control. Divided attention is the capacity to do more than one thing at the same time. Dual-task training innovatively combines motor and cognitive rehabilitation in a comprehensive module. TST, or task-specific training, is a popular rehab approach that emphasizes function and is commonly used for stroke patients. It's all about targeting specific tasks to help with recovery.
RCT conducted on two groups, Dual Task Training and Task Specific training. interventions applied with a frequency of three times a week for eight weeks protocol. Participants will be divided into 2 groups. 1st group will receive Dual task training for motor and cognition simultaneously. 2nd group will receive task specific training for motor and cognition functioning.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dual Task Training | Experimental | Dual task exercises for example Crossing over the obstacles placed on their path while answering simple questions "yes" or "no" Walking while bouncing the ball with spell the word like WORLD Picking up an object from the floor. Walking on straight line while Calculation. Tandem walk while counting money |
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| Task Specific Training | Experimental | Picking up the card, Picking up the right color, Box and block activity, Picking up different shapes, Gait training, Sit/ standing marching. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dual Task Training | Other | Exercise which combines cognitive task with motor task e.g Backward counting during sit ups. Calculation questions during stationary cycle for 10 mins. Sequentially perform movements on commands like normal standing (bipedal support with feet separated at shoulder width, Feet together (bipedal support with feet side by side), Semitandem stance, Tandem stance, one leg support on the dominant leg, one leg support on the nondominant leg by first laterally moving the trunk with shoulder abducted at least above 60 degree |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fugl Meyer Assessment Tool | The Fugyl-Meyer scale was developed as the first quantitative evaluative instrument for measuring sensorimotor stroke recovery. | 8th week |
| Trail Making Test A and B | The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests and is included in most test batteries. | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Digit Span Test | The Digit Sequencing or Digit Span test is one of the main tools developed to measure one's verbal working memory The Digit Sequence test is one of the main tools developed to measure one's verbal working memory, overall intelligence, attention, and cognitive functioning | 8 weeks |
| stroop color and word test |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bushra Sultana, MSPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Rehabilitation sciences | Islamabad | Punjab Province | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32837228 | Background | Murphy SJ, Werring DJ. Stroke: causes and clinical features. Medicine (Abingdon). 2020 Sep;48(9):561-566. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.06.002. Epub 2020 Aug 6. | |
| 37750660 | Background | Yeh TT, Chang KC, Wang JJ, Lin WC, Wu CY. Neuroplastic Changes Associated With Hybrid Exercise-Cognitive Training in Stroke Survivors With Mild Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2023 Sep;37(9):662-673. doi: 10.1177/15459683231200220. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Task Specific Training | Other | Wide based gait training. Auditory forward digit span: Remember as many as possible of the number/letter forward sequence, you were told Auditory backward digit span: Remember as many as possible of the number/letter back sequence, you were told Visual forward digit span: Remember as many as possible of the number forward sequence shown to you by means of cardboard Visual backward digit span: Remember as many as possible |
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The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is a neuropsychological test extensively used to assess the ability to inhibit cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute, well-known as the Stroop Effect |
| 8 weeks |
| Modified Functional Reach Test | The Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT) is a simple and adaptive clinical assessment instrument for determining sitting balance, an important part of functional ability. | 8 weeks |
| 34986727 | Background | Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W, Fisher M, Pandian J, Lindsay P. World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022 Jan;17(1):18-29. doi: 10.1177/17474930211065917. |
| 11092079 | Background | Wolfe CD. The impact of stroke. Br Med Bull. 2000;56(2):275-86. doi: 10.1258/0007142001903120. |
| 21571152 | Background | Langhorne P, Bernhardt J, Kwakkel G. Stroke rehabilitation. Lancet. 2011 May 14;377(9778):1693-702. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60325-5. |
| 35420911 | Background | Rost NS, Brodtmann A, Pase MP, van Veluw SJ, Biffi A, Duering M, Hinman JD, Dichgans M. Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Circ Res. 2022 Apr 15;130(8):1252-1271. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.319951. Epub 2022 Apr 14. |
| 34311772 | Background | Traxler K, Schinabeck F, Baum E, Klotz E, Seebacher B. Feasibility of a specific task-oriented training versus its combination with manual therapy on balance and mobility in people post stroke at the chronic stage: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2021 Jul 27;7(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s40814-021-00886-0. |
| Background | V.Rajalaxmi JA. Effects of Dual Task Training Versus PNF Pattern on Balance and Cognition in geriatrics population. International Journal of Life science and Pharma Research. 2022 July; 12(4). |
| 36979247 | Background | Xiao Y, Yang T, Shang H. The Impact of Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Training on Physical and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci. 2023 Mar 3;13(3):437. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13030437. |
| 34684135 | Background | Kim KH, Jang SH. Effects of Task-Specific Training after Cognitive Sensorimotor Exercise on Proprioception, Spasticity, and Gait Speed in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Oct 13;57(10):1098. doi: 10.3390/medicina57101098. |
| 31954014 | Background | Iqbal M, Arsh A, Hammad SM, Haq IU, Darain H. Comparison of dual task specific training and conventional physical therapy in ambulation of hemiplegic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Jan;70(1):7-10. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.10443. |
| Background | Kim H Yeh. Reliability, concurrent validity, and responsiveness of the FuglMeyer Assessment (FMA) for hemiplegic patients. Journal Of Physical Therapy Science. 2012; 24(9): 893. |
| 35009772 | Background | Marchesi G, Ballardini G, Barone L, Giannoni P, Lentino C, De Luca A, Casadio M. Modified Functional Reach Test: Upper-Body Kinematics and Muscular Activity in Chronic Stroke Survivors. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Dec 29;22(1):230. doi: 10.3390/s22010230. |
| 18608433 | Background | Katz-Leurer M, Fisher I, Neeb M, Schwartz I, Carmeli E. Reliability and validity of the modified functional reach test at the sub-acute stage post-stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(3):243-8. doi: 10.1080/09638280801927830. |
| 24320735 | Background | Lam B, Middleton LE, Masellis M, Stuss DT, Harry RD, Kiss A, Black SE. Criterion and convergent validity of the Montreal cognitive assessment with screening and standardized neuropsychological testing. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Dec;61(12):2181-2185. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12541. Epub 2013 Dec 9. |
| 15010086 | Background | Tombaugh TN. Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004 Mar;19(2):203-14. doi: 10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00039-8. |
| 20302005 | Background | Muangpaisan W, Intalapaporn S, Assantachai P. Digit span and verbal fluency tests in patients with mild cognitive impairment and normal subjects in Thai-community. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Feb;93(2):224-30. |
| 28446889 | Background | Scarpina F, Tagini S. The Stroop Color and Word Test. Front Psychol. 2017 Apr 12;8:557. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00557. eCollection 2017. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |