The (Cost-) Effectiveness of Paediatric Laparoscopic Hernia Repair Compared to Open Hernia Repair

'Hernia Endoscopic oR opeN Repair In chIldren Analysis": A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the (Cost-) Effectiveness of Paediatric Laparoscopic Hernia Repair Compared to Open Hernia Repair

This study assess the (cost-)effectiveness of open versus laparoscopic Percutaneous Inguinal Ring Suturing (PIRS) technique for unilateral inguinal hernia repair in children aged 0-16 years.

Research question Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations in children. After open unilateral inguinal hernia repair, 6-8% of patients develops an inguinal hernia on the contralateral side. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia offers the opportunity to inspect the contralateral groin and repair an asymptomatic contralateral hernia, if present.

Main question: What is the most (cost-)effective treatment strategy for unilateral inguinal hernia repair in children aged 0-16 years: the open or laparoscopic Percutaneous Inguinal Ring Suturing (PIRS) technique?

Hypothesis The optimal treatment for children with an inguinal hernia is laparoscopic hernia repair, since the surgeon can inspect and possibly, repair, the contralateral groin. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair results in less operations and exposure to anaesthesia, less hospital admissions, lower costs and a better quality of life compared to open inguinal hernia repair.

Study design Multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Study population Children aged 0 - 16 years with a unilateral inguinal hernia.

Intervention Inguinal hernia repair with the laparoscopic PIRS technique.

Usual care/comparison Inguinal hernia repair with the open technique.

Outcome Measures Primary: Number of operations related to inguinal hernia repair and cost-effectiveness (social and healthcare related costs). Secondary: complications, total duration of surgery (including anaesthesia and total duration of operating room time), post-operative pain, length of hospital stay, time to normal daily activities, cosmetic appearance, health-related quality of life. All outcome measures will be assessed within two years after the primary inguinal hernia correction.

Sample size/data analysis 464 patients (power of 0.80, alpha 0.05). Cost-effectiveness analysis/budget impact analysis The economic evaluation will be assessed from a societal and health care perspective. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed in terms of QALYs and the primary and secondary outcomes. A budget impact analysis will be conducted using the "Budget Impact Analyse - leidraad en rekentool" of ZonMw. Missing data will be imputed.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Infants aged 0 months to 16 years of age with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia undergoing hernia repair

Exclusion Criteria:

1. incarcerated inguinal hernia, which have to be operated immediately,
2. recurrent hernia
3. ventricular-peritoneal drain
4. non-descended testis
5. parents who are not able to understand the nature or consequences of the study.