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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health | OTHER |
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The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of brief behavioural economic intervention in promoting smoking cessation among smokers in the community.
Smoking cessation services are free and effective but underused in Hong Kong. Active referral to smoking cessation services has consistently been found effective in promoting service use and successful quitting as a stand-alone strategy or when combined with other interventions. Participants who received active referral are introduced about the cessation services in Hong Kong and offered connection to the services of their choices. Contacts of participants who agreed to be referred are transferred to the selected cessation providers, who will subsequently contact the participants for further treatment.
The current active referral intervention uses an opt-in approach, where participants are required to actively choose to be connected to the services. By leveraging behavioural economic principles, a simple yet promising strategy to strengthen the active referral intervention is to utilize an "opt-out" approach, where participants are automatically referred to the service unless they actively decline the referral. By making referral to smoking cessation services as the default choice, the investigators aim to increase the uptake of these services and thus improve smoking cessation outcomes. Additionally, mobile messaging informed by behavioural economics principles can serve as nudges to prompt smokers to initiate quitting and utilise cessation services.
The clinical trial aims to test the effectiveness of opt-out referral, with or without behavioural economic-based mobile messaging, compared to opt-in referral, in promoting smoking cessation. The trial will be nested within the 15th "Quit to Win" Smoke-free Community Campaign organised by the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opt-out+ group | Experimental | Brief cessation advice + Opt-out active referral + behavioural economics mobile messaging |
|
| Opt-out group | Experimental | Brief cessation advice + Opt-out active referral |
|
| Opt-in group | Active Comparator | Brief cessation advice + Opt-in active referral |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brief cessation advice | Behavioral | Participants will receive brief cessation advice following the AWARD (ask, warn, advise, refer, do-it-again) model: A: Ask about the tobacco use status; W: Warn about the hazards of tobacco use; A: Advise the smokers to quit; R: Refer the smokers to cessation services; D: Do-it-again |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemically validated tobacco abstinence | Verified by an exhaled carbon monoxide level of <4 parts per million and a negative salivary cotinine test | 6 months after randomisation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemically validated tobacco abstinence | Verified by an exhaled carbon monoxide level of <4 parts per million and a negative salivary cotinine test | 3 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported 7-day point-prevalence tobacco abstinence |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported reduction of tobacco consumption | Smoking reduction by at least half of the baseline daily number of cigarettes | 3 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported reduction of tobacco consumption |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tzu Tsun Luk, PhD, RN | Contact | 39177574 | luktt@connect.hku.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tzu Tsun Luk, PhD, RN | The University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community sites | Recruiting | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29059277 | Background | Wang MP, Suen YN, Li WH, Lam CO, Wu SY, Kwong AC, Lai VW, Chan SS, Lam TH. Intervention With Brief Cessation Advice Plus Active Referral for Proactively Recruited Community Smokers: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Dec 1;177(12):1790-1797. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5793. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073869 | Tobacco Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D064424 | Tobacco Use |
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| Opt-out active referral | Behavioral | Participants will be automatically referred to a smoking cessation service upon joining the trial, unless they choose to opt out. Contacts of participants will be delivered to a service provider of their choice or based on their living district and preferred treatment modality |
|
| Behavioral economic mobile messaging | Behavioral | Participants will receive behavioural economics-informed messages via mobile instant messaging for 3 months |
|
| Opt-in active referral | Behavioral | Participants will be offered a referral to a smoking cessation service. Contacts of participants who opt-in will be delivered to a service provider of their choice |
|
Tobacco abstinence in the past 7 days
| 3 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported 7-day point-prevalence tobacco abstinence | Tobacco abstinence in the past 7 days | 6 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported 24-hour quit attempt | Tobacco abstinence for at least 24 hours | 3 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported 24-hour quit attempt | Tobacco abstinence for at least 24 hours | 6 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported use of smoking cessation service | Use of any smoking cessation service during the follow-up period | 3 months after randomisation |
| Self-reported use of smoking cessation service | Use of any smoking cessation service during the follow-up period | 6 months after randomisation |
Smoking reduction by at least half of the baseline daily number of cigarettes
| 6 months after randomisation |