In addition to usual care, participants with an initial Post-Discharge Medicine Clinic visit randomized to the intervention arm will receive pharmacist co-management of their medications, with the intent of to achieve rapid, maximum-tolerated pharmacotherapy for HF as outlined in the latest guidelines. This intervention will be delivered by a staff pharmacist at the St. Paul's Hospital, using the standard procedures outlined below:

For HFrEF, where possible, a patient will be prescribed the combination of an ARNI, evidence-based beta-blocker, MRA, and SGLT2i at target HFrEF doses, along with personalized therapies as outlined in the 2021 CCS HF guidelines.

For HFmrEF, we will target ACEI/ARB/ARNI, beta-blocker, MRA, and SGLT2i. For HFpEF, we will target SGLT2i + MRA +/- ACEI/ARB/ARNI. The intervention will incorporate key components identified in a systematic review of observational studies of pharmacist-led optimization of HF.

Usual care: Both the intervention group and comparator group will receive usual care by the Post-Discharge Medicine Clinic, which does not include clinical pharmacy services. The standard pathway in the St. Paul's Hospital Post-Discharge Medicine Clinic consists of an initial consultation with the clinic internist within 2 weeks of discharge, followed by two visits approximately 1 week apart with the Post-Discharge Medicine Clinic internist, followed by discharge from the clinic.

In addition to usual care, participants with an initial Post-Discharge Medicine Clinic visit randomized to the intervention arm will receive pharmacist co-management of their medications, with the intent of to achieve rapid, maximum-tolerated pharmacotherapy for HFrEF as outlined by the 2021 CCS HF guidelines, and for HFmrEF/HFpEF as outlined by the 2022 ACC/AHA HF guidelines. This intervention will be delivered by a staff pharmacist at the St. Paul's Hospital, using the standard procedures outlined below:

For HFrEF: Where possible, a patient will be prescribed the combination of an ARNI, evidence-based beta-blocker, MRA, and SGLT2i at target HFrEF doses, along with personalized therapies as outlined in the 2021 CCS HF guidelines.

For HFmrEF: We will target ACEI/ARB/ARNI+BB+MRA+SGLT2i. For HFpEF: We will target SGLT2i+MRA +/- ACEI/ARB/ARNI. The intervention will incorporate key components identified in a systematic review of observational studies of pharmacist-led optimization of HF.

Score that quantifies guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The score ranges from 0 (worst) to 10 (best).

For HFmrEF, this will be modified to assign equal weight to ACEI/ARB/ARNI (score range 0-8).

For HFpEF, this will be further modified to assign equal weight to ACEI/ARB/ARNI, and to assign no points for beta-blocker use (score range 0-6).

Hierarchical composite outcome of time to all-cause death, time to first all-cause hospitalization, the number of HF events (including HF hospitalizations or emergency department visits for HF), ≥5-point Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 summary score improvement, or ≥2-point OPS increase