A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to investigate whether preoperative replacement of patients based on AI training instruments could alleviate preoperative anxiety.

Patients who met the criteria were randomly assigned to either the personalized data-based group or the control group. Prior to the preoperative account examination, each patient's anxiety level was assessed, after which a 30-40-minute informed consent form was read.

The traditional group underwent a preoperative account and question-and-answer session with an experienced bronchoscopy laboratory physician, after which the scale was reassessed.

The experimental group underwent a simulated surgical procedure on an AI simulation instrument based on the patient's CT personalized data, performed by an experienced bronchoscopist. The bronchoscopist explained the surgical precautions and answered the patient's questions throughout the procedure. Following the responses to the questions, the scale was reassessed. Following surgery, patients are invited to complete a satisfaction survey prior to discharge or following the discussion of bronchoscopy findings.

Inclusion Criteria:

• requiring elective bronchoscopy
• Older than 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

· Dementia, limited speech, or other problems affecting communication