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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute | OTHER |
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This is a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial for adults (ages > 18) with a bipolar disorder type 1 and type 2 diagnosis currently experiencing a depressive episode. It is a randomized pragmatic trial that will compare four commonly prescribed treatments for bipolar depression, which includes three FDA-approved medications (Cariprazine, Quetiapine and Lurasidone) and one antipsychotic/antidepressant combination (Aripiprazole/Escitalopram).
This is a comparative effectiveness study to address the critical questions of how best to treat people with bipolar disorder who have a major depressive episode: how to get them well, provide second-line treatment when they don't initially get well, and keep them well after they get well. This is a multisite Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) comparative effectiveness design. Investigators will recruit 2726 participants who have BD I or II with a current major depressive episode lasting at least 2 weeks. In Stage 1, investigators will compare four treatment arms, including three FDA approved monotherapies and the most widely used, but understudied, treatment for BD major depressive episode (i.e., a non-FDA approved combination of an antipsychotic and antidepressant). In Stage 2, participants who do not remit will be re-randomized to treatments not used in Stage 1. Investigators will follow all participants for a total of 52 weeks. This study will be conducted in two phases, a feasibility phase and a full study phase. In the feasibility phase, investigators will recruit at 8 of the 19 study sites based on readiness and interest, to ensure the efficacy of the study design before launching the full study phase.
Feasibility Aim 1: To ensure that 8 of the 19 selected sites can recruit, randomize, and retain participants. During the feasibility phase, the selected sites will recruit 133 participants, administer baseline assessments, randomize the participants (at baseline and again at 6-weeks for non-remitters), and conduct follow-up assessments at the end of Stage 1 (6-weeks) and the end of Stage 2 (12-weeks) and end of study (52 weeks or end of feasibility phase, whichever is sooner) and all other scheduled visits.
Feasibility Aim 2: To refine and finalize all study standard operating procedures for the full-scale study. After Aim 1 is complete, any changes in standard operating procedures will be made as needed to be implemented in the full study phase.
Full Scale Study Full-Scale Study Aim 1: To compare the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of the four treatments for BD major depressive episodes.
Hypothesis 1a: There will be significant differences across the Stage 1 treatments in the proportion of remitters at week 6 (primary endpoint, effectiveness) and in the average adverse event burden and suicidal ideation/behavior at week 6 (secondary endpoints, tolerability and safety).
Hypothesis 1b: Among non-remitters of a given Stage 1 treatment (i.e., participants who do not remit by week 6), there will be significant differences across the three remaining Stage 2 treatments in the proportion of remitters at week 12 (primary endpoint, effectiveness) and the average side effect burden and suicidal ideation/behavior at week 12 (secondary endpoints, tolerability and safety).
Full-Scale Study Aim 2: To characterize the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of the 12 adaptive interventions for BD major depressive episodes embedded within the SMART design.
Hypothesis 2: On average, there will be significant differences across the 12 embedded adaptive interventions in the proportion of remitters at week 12 (primary endpoint, effectiveness) and in the average side effect burden and suicidal ideation/behavior at week 12 (secondary endpoints, tolerability and safety).
Full-Scale Study Aim 3: To determine individual-level characteristics that predict heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) across the 12 adaptive interventions for BD major depressive episodes embedded within the SMART design.
Hypothesis 3a: Individual-level characteristics and symptoms assessed at baseline as well as symptom changes and side effect profiles at week 6 will predict HTE at weeks 12 and 52. Hypothesis 3b: Investigators hypothesize that an optimal personalized adaptive intervention will perform significantly better than the best aggregate embedded adaptive intervention identified in Aim 2 in terms of the proportion of remitters at week 12 (primary endpoint, effectiveness) and the side effect burden and suicidal ideation/behavior at week 12 (secondary endpoints, tolerability and safety).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cariprazine | Experimental |
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| Aripiprazole /Escitalopram combination | Experimental |
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| Quetiapine | Experimental |
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| Lurasidone | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cariprazine | Drug |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Remission from Depression Questionnaire | RDQ is a 41 items self report questionnaire used to assess the seven domains found in extensive previous research to be important to patients: depressive symptoms, anxiety, coping ability, positive mental health, functioning, life satisfaction and a general sense of well-being. Using a score of 27 as the cutoff, the RDQ scale has a sensitivity of 83.7% and specificity of 77.9% in predicting self-reported remission status. The RDQ has excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.97 for the total scale and above 0.80 for each of the 7 subscales with test-retest reliability of the total scale = 0.85 and > 0.60 for each subscale). The primary outcome will be remission as defined by a RDQ score < 27. This test will be administered in all assessment visits. The RDQ scale ranges from 0-27 per domain, with higher scores indicating greater remission rates. | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Safety: Concise Health Risk Tracking Scale | CHRT is a 14 item self-report measure of suicidal ideation and behavior in individuals with mood disorders. The CHRT has excellent psychometric properties, with an internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.78 and a consistent factor structure with 3 independent factors (current suicidal thoughts and plans, perceived lack of social support, and hopelessness). The range is from 14-70, higher scores reflect an increase in suicidality behaviors. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale | self-rating mania scale designed to assess the presence and/or severity of manic symptoms in children and adolescents The range is from 5-25, higher scores reflect increased symptoms of of mania | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Alabama Birmingham | Birmingham | Alabama | 35294 | United States | ||
| Steve Strakowski |
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| Aripiprazole/Escitalopram combination | Drug |
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| Quetiapine | Drug |
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| Lurasidone | Drug |
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| Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Frequency and Intensity of Side Effects Ratings - Intensity | This subscale of the FIBSER scale is a reliable self-report measure of the intensity of side effects from medications in a population receiving treatment for depression. This scale measures the participants side effects intensity from the previous week and has them rate each on a scale from 0-6. The results will help the clinician determine the appropriate level of response. The range is from 0-6, higher scores reflect an greater intensity in medication side effects. | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Frequency and Intensity of Side Effects Ratings - Frequency | This subscale of the FIBSER scale is a reliable and valid self-report measure on the frequency of medication side effects in a population receiving treatment for depression. This scale measures the participants side effects frequency from the previous week and has them rate each on a scale from 0-6. The results will help the clinician determine the appropriate level of response. The range is from 0-6, higher scores reflect an greater frequency in medication side effects. | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Frequency and Intensity of Side Effects Ratings - Burden | This subscale of the FIBSER scale is a reliable self-report measure of the side effects burden of medications in a population receiving treatment for depression. This scale measures the participants side effects burden from the previous week and has them rate each on a scale from 0-6. The results will help the clinician determine the appropriate level of response. The range is from 0-6, higher scores reflect an greater burden in medication side effects. | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment | A seven-item instrument that is used to measure or assess the severity of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The range is from 0-21, higher scores reflect increased symptoms of of anxiety | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Medication Reconciliation Tracking Form | The MRTF generates the average number of necessary clinical adjustments per month, which provides a method to compare long-term outcomes in a pragmatic trial. There is no range or scoring necessary for this assessment. | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Patient Health Questionnaire | The PHQ-9 is a multipurpose instrument for screening, diagnosing, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression The range is from 0-27, higher scores reflect increased symptoms of of depression | Investigators will administer this measure every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (weeks:0,2,4,6,8,10,12), and then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| PROMIS Item Bank v2.0 Cognitive Functioning- Short Form | Cognitive deficits will be assessed with the PROMIS- Cognitive Function-Short Form. This 8-item self-report questionnaire has good construct validity and psychometric properties and has been used as an outcome in multiple studies. The range is from 8-40, increased scores are associated with a person's increased perception of cognitive function in areas such as concentration, memory, and mental acuity | Investigators will administer this measure at baseline (week 0), week 6, and week 12. Then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| PROMIS Item Bank v2.0 Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities | This measure is an 8 item self-report questionnaire that assesses the individual's satisfaction with social roles and activities. The measure has clinical validity across a range of chronic conditions, including depression and responds to change in clinical state The range is from 8-40 increased scores are associated with higher feelings of satisfaction with performing one's usual social roles and activities | Investigators will administer this measure at baseline (week 0), week 6, and week 12. Then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Young Mania Rating Scale | The YMRS is a rating scale used to evaluate manic symptoms at baseline and over time in individuals with mania. The range is from 0-60, higher scores reflect increased risk for Bipolar Disorder. If the participant scores 18 or above on the YMRS, they will be considered manic and not in remission even if they meet criteria for remission with the RDQ | Investigators can administer at any time between weeks 0 to 52. This assessment only applies if patients has a pseudo-remission from depression, indicated if the patient scores a 6 or higher on the self-rated Altman Scale for Rating Mania (ASRM) |
| Quality of Life Scale | The QoL.BD93,94 measures 12 core domains (physical, sleep, mood, cognition, leisure, social, spirituality, finances, household, self-esteem, independence, identity) and 2 optional (work, education) domains A brief 12-item version represents the core QoL domains and is scored on a five-point range (1: strongly disagree to 5: strongly agree). The range of scoring is 12-60 with higher scores reflecting a greater belief in ones quality of life. | Investigators will administer this measure at baseline (week 0), week 6, and week 12. Then at each study visit during the follow up phase until they are discharged from the study (weeks:20,28,36,44,52 ). |
| Bloomington |
| Indiana |
| 47405 |
| United States |
| John Hopkins | Baltimore | Maryland | 21218 | United States |
| McLean Hospital | Belmont | Massachusetts | 02478 | United States |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | Boston | Massachusetts | 02114 | United States |
| University of Michigan | Ann Arbor | Michigan | 48109 | United States |
| Nagy Youssef | Grand Rapids | Michigan | 49548 | United States |
| University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque | Albuquerque | New Mexico | 87131-0001 | United States |
| New York University Grossman School of Medicine NYU | New York | New York | 10016 | United States |
| Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine | New York | New York | 10461 | United States |
| University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill | North Carolina | 27599 | United States |
| Case Western Reserve University | Cleveland | Ohio | 44106-1712 | United States |
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| University of Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 15260 | United States |
| University of Texas at Austin | Austin | Texas | 78712 | United States |
| UT Southwestern Medical Center | Dallas | Texas | 75390-7208 | United States |
| UT Health Houston Texas | Houston | Texas | 77030 | United States |
| University of British Columbia | Vancouver | British Columbia | V6T 1Z4 | Canada |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C533287 | cariprazine |
| D000068180 | Aripiprazole |
| D000089983 | Escitalopram |
| D000069348 | Quetiapine Fumarate |
| D000069056 | Lurasidone Hydrochloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010879 | Piperazines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D015363 | Quinolones |
| D011804 | Quinolines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D011437 | Propylamines |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009570 | Nitriles |
| D001572 | Benzofurans |
| D003987 | Dibenzothiazepines |
| D013841 | Thiazepines |
| D013846 | Thiepins |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D006575 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring |
| D013844 | Thiazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D054833 | Isoindoles |
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