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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Southern Colorado Harm Reduction Association | UNKNOWN |
| Denver Health and Hospital Authority | OTHER |
| Summit County Public Health | UNKNOWN |
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Vending machines are an innovative strategy shown to increase access to naloxone, a medication used to reverse opioid overdose. The aim of this proposal is to study the reach of a community-initiated, stakeholder engaged adaptation of naloxone distribution, VEnding machine Naloxone Distribution for Your community (VENDY) program.
This pilot assessment of the VENDY program will take place in 3 communities. Each community will have a machine (vending or kiosks) in which naloxone will be distributed for free to community members. Our preliminary work identified the locations desired by community members who use illegal drugs for machine placement. The pilot test test will include evaluation of the reach (naloxone distribution), adoption (% of sites and staff implementing), and implementation (fidelity to restocking and maintenance protocol) of VENDY in each community.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VENDY | Experimental | Each participating site will install at least 1 machine (vending or kiosks) in the respective community for naloxone distribution. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VENDY | Behavioral | At least 1 machine (vending machine like a snack machine or a machine like a newspaper kiosk) will be placed in the respective community served by the participating organizations. Any person in the community can get naloxone from the machine. The vending machine will require a code that will be placed on the machine for anyone to use. The kiosks are a box that you simply pull open and naloxone can be obtained. Naloxone kits will be provided for free as part of the current naloxone distribution program within each respective organization. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reach | Reach will be assessed using monthly counts of naloxone distribution in the 6 months before and after VENDY implementation. Naloxone counts will include distribution from all sources within the organization and captured through pharmacy fills from the electronic health record and distribution tracking logs. Naloxone machine distribution will be added to the total monthly count in the post implementation phase and obtained using the vending machine electronic software (reporting date and time of distribution) or (for kiosks) the staff monthly refill tracking log capturing quantity of naloxone kits required to fill the machine (captured at least monthly). | the 6 months pre VENDY implementation and the 6 months post VENDY implementation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Adoption | Adoption is the percentage of sites placing a naloxone vending machine in the respective community that is made available for community members to obtain naloxone. | At the end of program development (program development is the first phase in which each site is developing VENDY over a 6-18 month period of time) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nicole Wagner, PhD | University of Colorado, Denver | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denver Health | Denver | Colorado | 80204 | United States | ||
| Summit County Public Health Department |
Data obtained through this study may be provided to qualified researchers with academic interest in related areas of interest. Data shared will be coded, with no PHI included. Approval of the request and execution of all applicable agreements (e.g., data use/sharing agreements) are prerequisites to the sharing of data with the requesting party. Data requests can be submitted starting 9 months after article publication and the data will be made accessible for up to 24 months. Access to trial IPD can be requested by qualified researchers engaging in independent scientific research, and will be provided following review and approval of a research proposal and Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) and execution of a Data Sharing Agreement.
Data requests can be submitted starting 9 months after article publication and the data will be made accessible for up to 24 months.
Data obtained through this study may be provided to qualified researchers with academic interest in related areas of interest. Data shared will be coded, with no PHI included. Approval of the request and execution of all applicable agreements (e.g., data use/sharing agreements) are prerequisites to the sharing of data with the requesting party. Access to trial IPD can be requested by qualified researchers engaging in independent scientific research, and will be provided following review and approval of a research proposal and Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) and execution of a Data Sharing Agreement.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D040261 | Harm Reduction |
| D000083682 | Opiate Overdose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D062787 | Drug Overdose |
| D063487 | Prescription Drug Misuse |
| D000076064 | Drug Misuse |
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We will be using an interrupted time series design to evaluate naloxone distribution before and after vending machine implementation in each community.
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There will be no masking.
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|
| Fatal Opioid Overdose Events-Effectiveness |
The count of fatal opioid overdose events for each respective county in which the participating organization and vending machine reside in the year before and year after VENDY implementation. Overdose will be captured from publicly available data from death records reported by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. To address temporality we will include fatal opioid overdose deaths in a comparison community matching community features (urban/rural status, community population, and opioid death rate). |
| pre-implementation in the year prior to a live VENDY program and post implementation in the year following live VENDY program |
| Fidelity-Implementation | Fidelity is the percentage of time staff refill and maintain the machine per protocol as measured by the vending machine software and machine activity tracking log. | the 6 months following VENDY implementation |
| Maintenance | Number of months each organization implementing VENDY continues to make naloxone available in the machines for the 6 months following the initial implementation phase (6 months). | the 6 months following the initial implementation phase (6 months) |
| Frisco |
| Colorado |
| 80443 |
| United States |
| Southern Colorado Harm Reduction Association | Pueblo | Colorado | 81004 | United States |
| D019966 |
| Substance-Related Disorders |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D009293 | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| D000079524 | Narcotic-Related Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |